Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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What would a
researcher use to show comparisons between variables? a. | Hypothesis | c. | Word-processing
program | b. | Conclusion | d. | Graph | | | | |
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Pollution is
the introduction of non-native, harmful substances into an environment. Oil is considered a pollutant
when it enters oceans. A pollutant is a substance that causes damage to organisms by interfering with
life processes. The graph shows the percentage of different sources of oil that enter the oceans each
year.
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2.
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What can you
infer from the data in the graph? a. | More accidents occur on land than at sea. | b. | Offshore mining
accounts for as much oil pollution as gas and oil drilling. | c. | More than three-fourths
of the oil entering oceans originates on land. | d. | Ocean dumping is a
small and relatively easy problem to address. | | |
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3.
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In
diagram A, what is the frequency of the wave? a. | 1 wavelength | c. | 1 Hz | b. | 1 crest and 1 trough | d. | 1 m/s | | | | |
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4.
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A
wave has a wavelength of 10 m and a frequency of 20 Hz. What is the speed of the
wave? a. | 0.5
m/s | c. | 20
m/s | b. | 2
m/s | d. | 200
m/s | | | | |
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5.
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Seismic waves produced by earthquakes are ____. a. | transverse
waves | b. | compressional waves | c. | a combination of
transverse and compressional waves | d. | alternating pulses | | |
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6.
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Constructive interference is a process in which ____. a. | two waves cancel
each other and disappear | b. | two transverse waves overlap crests with crests and troughs
with troughs | c. | two transverse waves overlap crests with troughs and troughs
with crests | d. | a wave is bent around an object in its
path | | |
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When
white light passes through a triangular block of glass or a prism, the light that comes through is a
rainbow of colored light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. The colors are the result of
the refraction, or bending of the beam of white light, and provide evidence that white light is a
combination of all the colors. The colors spread out into a spectrum or rainbow because the amount of
refraction that occurs depends on the wavelength, and each color has a different wavelength. The
wavelength of red is the longest, and the wavelength of violet is the shortest. The shorter the
wavelength, the greater the amount of refraction. Thus, violet is refracted the most and red is
refracted the least.
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7.
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Based on the
statement above, what is the sequence of the colors yellow, violet, and red when they are arranged in
increasing order of the amount of refraction each color undergoes when it passes through a
prism? a. | yellow, red,
violet | c. | red, violet,
yellow | b. | violet, yellow, red | d. | red, yellow, violet | | | | |
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8.
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While
at a picnic, you place a banana on the ground next to you. The banana has stored
____. a. | elastic
potential energy | c. | chemical
potential energy | b. | gravitational potential energy | d. | mechanical energy | | | | |
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9.
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A
hockey puck gradually slows to a stop as it slides across an ice rink. Which of the following energy
transformations occurs? a. | KE ® chemical PE | c. | KE ® elastic PE | b. | KE
®
GPE | d. | KE
® thermal
energy | | | | |
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10.
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What
is the function of the control rods in the reactor core of a nuclear power plant? a. | prevent some
neutrons from striking other U-235 nuclei. | b. | increase the number of neutrons striking other U-235
nuclei. | c. | prevent the chain reaction from
occurring. | d. | double the number of neutrons released by splitting U-235
nuclei. | | |
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11.
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A
student needs to measure exactly 42.5 mL of an acid. Which of the following pieces of laboratory
equipment would it be best for her to use? a. | 10-mL graduated cylinder | c. | 50-mL beaker | b. | 50-mL graduated
cylinder | d. | 250-mL
flask | | | | |
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12.
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If
the conductor has negligible resistance, each lightbulb has a resistance of 30.0 W, and the
battery has a voltage of 12.0 V, what is the current in the circuit shown? a. | 0.40
A | c. | 0.80
A | b. | 2.50
A | d. | 5.00
A | | | | |
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13.
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Based
on their location on the periodic table, which of the following pairs of atoms would most likely
share electrons when bonding? a. | Al and F | c. | Na and Cl | b. | Ca and
I | d. | P and
O | | | | |
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14.
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If a
marble with a mass of 0.03 kg, a baseball with mass of 0.4 kg, and a bowling ball with a mass of 6.3
kg are dropped at the same time from a height of 10 m above the surface of Earth, which will hit the
ground first? a. | Baseball | c. | Bowling
ball | b. | They will hit at
the same time. | d. | Marble | | | | |
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15.
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A
ball is thrown straight up in the air. According to Newton's first law of motion, what is the reason
for the ball falling back to Earth? a. | The change in the ball's acceleration is proportional to the
force acting on it. | b. | It is accelerating in the same direction as Earth's
gravitational force on it. | c. | A force has acted on it. | d. | The ball exerts
a force on the air surrounding it. | | |
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16.
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Oil
is nonpolar, water is polar, and the two do not dissolve in each other. The figure shows how soap
cleans oily dirt. From the diagram, which of the following statements best summarizes how soap
enables water to remove oil?
a. | Soaps contain
alcohol, which dissolves oils. | b. | The charged part of soap makes oil polar, and it dissolves in
water. | c. | The nonpolar part of soap dissolves in oil, and its charged
part is attracted to water. | d. | The nonpolar tail of a soap molecule knocks loose the oil
particles. | | |
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17.
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The
ionic compound KBr is dissolved in water. What particle will be surrounded by the positively charged
portions of water molecules in solution? a. | K+ | c. | A KBr crystal | b. | Br- | d. | A KBr
molecule | | | | |
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18.
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The
number of particles in an aqueous solution affects other properties. Boiling point increases as the
number of particles dissolved in the solution increases. For example, the boiling point of a
1-M NaCl solution will be less than that of a CaCl2 solution of the same
concentration because each NaCl produces two ions and CaCl2 produces three. Which of the
following 1-M solutions has the greatest boiling point? a. | Ba(NO3)2 | c. | K3PO4 | b. | C12H22O11 | d. | KCl | | | | |
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19.
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As
shown in the art, what solute increases in solubility at a small rate as temperature
increases? a. | CaCl2 | c. | KClO3 | b. | Ce2(SO4)3 | d. | NaCl | | | | |
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20.
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Candle wax will dissolve in benzene but not in water. Which of the following
statements is most likely true? a. | Both candle wax and benzene are
polar. | b. | Neither candle wax nor benzene is
polar. | c. | The benzene must have been warmer than the
water. | d. | The benzene was under greater pressure than the
water. | | |
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21.
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Which
has the greatest momentum? a. | Moving continental plate | c. | Sports car | b. | Speeding
bullet | d. | Freight train
roaring down the track | | | | |
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22.
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Complete the statement. Fixed pulley is to a bicycle gear as a wedge is to a
____. a. | block and
tackle | c. | screw | b. | wheelbarrow | d. | bottle opener | | | | |
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23.
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If a
worker applies an effort force of 15 N to pry open a wooden crate that has a resistance force of 450
N, what is the mechanical advantage of the crowbar?
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24.
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Which
of the following substances is best at conducting thermal energy? a. | glass | c. | copper | b. | water | d. | helium | | | | |
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25.
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In
order for convection to occur, density of heated materials must decrease. Which of the following
would cause a decrease in density if the equation for density is r = m/V,
where m is mass and V is volume? a. | m and V remain
constant | c. | V
decreases while m is constant | b. | m increases while V is
constant | d. | V
increases while m is constant | | | | |
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