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Biology TAKS Review

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 
 
Population of unknown organisms
Year
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
1995
564
14,598
25,762
127
1996
750
16,422
42,511
102
1997
365
14,106
36,562
136
 

1. 
Which of the following graphs correctly reflects the data in the table?
a.
biotaks22_files/i0030000.jpg
c.
biotaks22_files/i0030001.jpg
b.
biotaks22_files/i0030002.jpg
d.
biotaks22_files/i0030003.jpg
 

2. 
If the problem you wanted to solve involved determining the composition of a specific star, which of the following would you least likely use to gather information about the problem?
a.
encyclopedias
c.
textbooks
b.
newspapers
d.
the Internet
 
 
biotaks22_files/i0050000.jpg
 

3. 
Which of the following describes the nitrogen base in this nucleotide?
a.
a straight chain
c.
a ring structure
b.
a branched chain
d.
a macromolecule
 

4. 
How many carbon atoms are in this nucleotide?
a.
4
c.
7
b.
5
d.
9
 
 
First Base
in Codon
Second Base in Codon
Third Base
in Codon
A
A
G
T
C
 
phenylalanine
serine
tyrosine
cysteine
A
phenylalanine
serine
tyrosine
cysteine
G
leucine
serine
stop
stop
T
leucine
serine
stop
tryptophan
C
G
leucine
proline
histidine
arginine
A
leucine
proline
histidine
arginine
G
leucine
proline
glutamine
arginine
T
leucine
proline
glutamine
arginine
C
T
isoleucine
threonine
asparagine
serine
A
isoleucine
threonine
asparagine
serine
G
isoleucine
threonine
lysine
arginine
T
methionine (start)
threonine
lysine
arginine
C
C
valine
alanine
aspartate
glycine
A
valine
alanine
aspartate
glycine
G
valine
alanine
glutamate
glycine
T
valine
alanine
glutamate
glycine
C
 

5. 
Based on the table above, what is the second nitrogen base in the codon that represents the amino acid methionine?
a.
thymine
c.
guanine
b.
adenine
d.
cytosine
 

6. 
Which of the following correctly sequences the main steps involved in protein synthesis?
a.
free RNA nucleotides pair to form mRNA;  mRNA attaches to a ribosome; tRNA molecules pair with mRNA codons as the mRNA slides along the ribosome; acids are joined by an enzyme
b.
mRNA attaches to a ribosome; tRNA molecules pair with mRNA codons as the mRNA slides along the ribosome; acids are joined by an enzyme; free RNA nucleotides pair to form mRNA
c.
tRNA molecules pair with mRNA codons as the mRNA slides along the ribosome; acids are joined by an enzyme; free RNA nucleotides pair to form mRNA; mRNA attaches to a ribosome
d.
free RNA nucleotides pair to form mRNA; tRNA molecules pair with mRNA codons as the mRNA slides along the ribosome; acids are joined by an enzyme; mRNA attaches to a ribosome
 
 
biotaks22_files/i0110000.jpg
 

7. 
What kind of molecule is shown?
a.
replicated DNA
c.
transfer RNA
b.
messenger RNA
d.
transfer DNA
 

8. 
A section of DNA contains the following bases in this order: GATCCT. Which of the following mRNA sequences complements this section of DNA?
a.
CUAGGA
c.
CTAGGC
b.
TCGAAG
d.
AGCUUC
 

9. 
A plant species is observed to have red, yellow, white, pink, or purple flowers. What type of inheritance is shown by this plant?
a.
incomplete dominance
c.
codominance
b.
polygenic inheritance
d.
simple inheritance
 

10. 
Which of the following would be most likely to cause disease?
a.
a bacterium whose cell wall has ruptured
c.
a bacterium with flagella
b.
a relatively large bacterial cell
d.
a bacterial cell with a capsule
 
 
Diphtheria is a highly infectious disease of the respiratory tract that most often affects children. The cause of the disease is an aerobic bacillus that forms V-shaped arrangements. In the early 1900s, diphtheria was one of the leading causes of death in infants and children in the United States and many other countries. In the 1940s, infants and children in the United States were regularly immunized against this disease. In the late 1980s, only two dozen or so cases of diphtheria were reported in the United States. A toxoid is now given in 2 or 3 doses, about one month apart, to infants between the ages of three and four months. A booster injection is given about a year later. Childhood boosters are also given in most cases.
 

11. 
Based on the statement above, which of the following accounts for the decline in the number of people in the United States who contracted diphtheria in the 1980s?
a.
the widespread use of penicillin
b.
the highly infectious nature of the disease
c.
widespread immunization
d.
the V-shaped arrangements of the bacterial cells
 

12. 
Vertebrates use two main body systems to swim, slither, fly, hop, walk, and run. Which two systems are these?
a.
Circulatory and muscular
c.
Respiratory and circulatory
b.
Immune and skeletal
d.
Muscular and skeletal
 

13. 
Which body system is shown in the figure below?
biotaks22_files/i0190000.jpg
a.
Nervous system
c.
Immune system
b.
Circulatory system
d.
Digestive system
 

14. 
Which of the following pairs of systems are affected by a broken bone that breaks the skin?
a.
Muscular and immune
c.
Endocrine and  integumentary
b.
Circulatory and skeletal
d.
Nervous and reproductive
 

15. 
What is the mass of the object being measured in the figure?
biotaks22_files/i0210000.jpg
a.
47.52 g
c.
407.52 g
b.
147.52 g
d.
527.40 g
 
 
biotaks22_files/i0220000.jpg
 

16. 
Using the art above, which of the following statements is true?
a.
A Celsius degree is larger than a unit on the Kelvin scale.
b.
A Celsius degree is smaller than a unit on the Kelvin scale.
c.
A Celsius degree is the same size as a unit on the Kelvin scale.
d.
Zero on the Celsius scale is the same as zero on the Kelvin scale.
 

17. 
The table below shows chemicals found in certain bacteria. Each capital letter represents a different chemical. Which bacteria are most closely related?

Chemicals Present
Bacteria 1
A, G, T, C, L, E, S, H
Bacteria 2
A, G, T, C, L, D
Bacteria 3
A, G, T, C, L, D, P, U, S, R, I, V
Bacteria 4
A, G, T, C, L, D, H
a.
Bacteria 1 and 2
c.
Bacteria 2 and 4
b.
Bacteria 1 and 3
d.
Bacteria 2 and 3
 

18. 
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to natural selection?
a.
Overproduction of offspring
b.
Inheritance of unfavorable variations
c.
Inheritance of favorable variations
d.
Survival and reproduction of individuals with favorable variations
 
 
biotaks22_files/i0260000.jpg
 

19. 
According to the diagram, what kind of evolutionary pattern is shown by elephants?
a.
Gradualism
c.
Punctuated equilibrium
b.
Convergent evolution
d.
Geographic isolation
 

20. 
According to the diagram, which of the following is true of the evolutionary pattern shown in elephants?
a.
It results in extinction of all of the descendents of the common ancestor.
b.
It occurs relatively rapidly and causes a rapid evolution of the gene pool of the species.
c.
It results in polyploid individuals that cannot reproduce.
d.
It proceeds at a very slow, but steady rate as small adaptive changes accumulate in populations over time.
 

21. 
The graphs below illustrate the changing populations of two species in the same ecosystem over time. Which graph represents a mutualistic relationship?
a.
biotaks22_files/i0290000.jpg
c.
biotaks22_files/i0290001.jpg
b.
biotaks22_files/i0290002.jpg
d.
biotaks22_files/i0290003.jpg
 

22. 
Which series correctly sequences interactions in nature from largest to smallest?
a.
Population, ecosystem, community
c.
Ecosystem, community, population
b.
Species, organism, community
d.
Community, population, ecosystem
 

23. 
Which adaptations allowed plants to reproduce on land?
a.
Roots and rhizoids
c.
Stems and leaves
b.
Seeds and spores
d.
Vascular tissues
 

24. 
During which stage in a plant’s life cycle would you expect all cells to contain one of each kind of chromosome?
a.
The alternating stage
c.
The sporophyte generation
b.
The gametophyte generation
d.
The diploid stage
 

25. 
What adaptation allows a redwood tree to grow to towering heights?
a.
Vascular tissues
c.
Rhizoids
b.
Broad leaves
d.
Cuticles
 



 
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