Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A researcher
finds that her data do not support her hypothesis. What conclusion can she reach? a. | The hypothesis is
wrong. | c. | The data do not support
the hypothesis. | b. | The data are incorrect. | d. | Her observations were biased. | | | | |
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2.
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Which
quantity is measured by the lab equipment shown in the figure? a. | length | c. | volume | b. | mass | d. | weight | | | | |
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3.
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How
much liquid is in the cylinder shown in the figure? a. | 78
mL | c. | 80
mL | b. | 79
mL | d. | 81
mL | | | | |
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4.
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Which of the
following statements is NOT true? a. | Cells and viruses can reproduce. | c. | Viruses and cells are living things. | b. | Viruses and cells both
contain DNA. | d. | Viruses and cells vary
in size and shape. | | | | |
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5.
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Why can the
deletion of a single nitrogen base in DNA be harmful to an organism? a. | Deletion causes
chromosomes to join backwards or to join to the wrong chromosomes. | b. | Nearly every amino acid
in the protein will change after the deletion of the base. | c. | Deletion causes a
gamete to have an extra chromosome. | d. | Such a mutation causes one chromosome to break off and join to another
chromosome. | | |
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6.
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Both parents
carry a single defective gene. What are the chances of each child inheriting the disorder caused by
the gene? a. | 2
percent | c. | 50
percent | b. | 25 percent | d. | 100 percent | | | | |
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Diphtheria
is a highly infectious disease of the respiratory tract that most often affects children. The cause
of the disease is an aerobic bacillus that forms V-shaped arrangements. In the early 1900s,
diphtheria was one of the leading causes of death in infants and children in the United States and
many other countries. In the 1940s, infants and children in the United States were regularly
immunized against this disease. In the late 1980s, only two dozen or so cases of diphtheria were
reported in the United States. A toxoid is now given in 2 or 3 doses, about one month apart, to
infants between the ages of three and four months. A booster injection is given about a year later.
Childhood boosters are also given in most cases.
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7.
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Based on the
statement above, which of the following best describes the bacterium that causes
diphtheria? a. | rod-shaped organism
that needs oxygen | b. | spiral-shaped organism that forms clusters | c. | round cell that affects
the digestive system | d. | grapelike cell that does not use oxygen | | |
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8.
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A
male peacock uses it feathers, which belong to the integumentary system, to attract mates. What other
two systems are used in this courtship behavior? a. | Nervous and endocrine | c. | Respiratory and immune | b. | Skeletal and
circulatory | d. | Muscular and
excretory | | | | |
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9.
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Which
body system is shown in the figure below?
a. | Nervous
system | c. | Immune
system | b. | Circulatory system | d. | Digestive system | | | | |
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10.
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Which
of these structures would aid a butterfly in excreting wastes? a. | Nephridia | c. | The dorsal nerve
cord | b. | Skeletal
muscles | d. | Tubules | | | | |
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11.
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Using
the art above, human body temperature is approximately 310 K. What is human body temperature in
C°? a. | 0°C | c. | 37°C | b. | 20°C | d. | 98.6°C | | | | |
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12.
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The graph
shows the relationship between degree of slope and loss of soil from a container during an
experiment. Which statement describes the relationship between the two
variables?
a. | The data indicates no
relationship between the variables. | b. | Loss of soil increases as slope increases. | c. | Loss of soil decreases
as slope increases. | d. | Loss of soil increases as slope decreases. | | |
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13.
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Based on the
fan diagram, approximately how long did the Mesozoic Era last? a. | 299 million
years | c. | 66 million
years | b. | 179 million years | d. | 245 million years | | | | |
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14.
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A student is
viewing some cells under a microscope. How might she determine whether they are plant or animal
cells? a. | Animal cells are larger
than plant cells. | c. | Only plant cells have
cell walls. | b. | Only animal cells have nuclei. | d. | Only animal cells have chromosomes. | | | | |
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15.
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Suppose you
are alone in your house. Suddenly, you hear a creak in the attic. Your heart begins to pound and your
breathing becomes rapid. Which of the following body systems controls these
reactions? a. | The somatic
system | c. | The sympathetic
system | b. | The circulatory system | d. | The respiratory system | | | | |
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16.
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What is the
function of nerve tissue in the skin? a. | It helps skin keep its elasticity. | b. | It helps detect stimuli
from the environment. | c. | It maintains the body’s temperature. | d. | It produces sweat in
response to an increase in body temperature. | | |
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17.
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Which of the
following best describes the functions of blood? a. | It helps give the human body structure and
support. | b. | It aids in excretion of wastes via the urinary
system. | c. | It carries oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive
system to the cells. | d. | It aids in the formation of secondary sex characteristics including
the production of sperm and eggs. | | |
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A family of birds commonly called the Hawaiian honeycreepers is unique to the Hawaiian
Islands, which are located in the Pacific Ocean far from major landmasses. The honeycreepers have
similarly shaped bodies and are about the same size. They differ sharply, however, in plumage color
and beak shape. Each species of honeycreeper has a beak that is adapted to the type of food it eats
and occupies its own niche. A niche is the role of a particular species in a community regarding
food, space, reproduction, and how it interacts with nonliving parts of its environment.
The honeycreepers are thought to have evolved from a single ancestral
species that came to the Hawaiian Islands millions of years ago. The pattern of evolution shown by
the honeycreepers is known as adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiation is one example of divergent
evolution, a pattern of evolution in which species that were once all similar to the ancestral
species became more and more distinct. Divergent evolution occurs when species begin to adapt to
different environmental conditions.
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18.
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Based on
information in the above statement, the Grosbeak finch is one honeycreeper. It has a short, strong
beak. What kind of food makes up the bulk of its diet? a. | Seeds
| c. | Insects | b. | Nectar from flowers | d. | Worms | | | | |
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19.
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Industrialization in England in the early 1900s produced black soot that covered many
tree trunks and branches. At about the same time, the number of light-colored moths in this part of
the country decreased over time. Why? a. | The soot killed only light-colored moths. | b. | The light-colored moths
became extinct. | c. | The light-colored moths showed up against the dark tree bark and could
be easily seen by the birds that fed on them. | d. | The light-colored moths
became isolated from other moths and reproductive speciation occurred. | | |
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20.
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The trees
that produce the large McIntosh apples are treated with a chemical so that the apples have twice the
number of chromosomes in their cells. What type of speciation is this? a. | Reproductive
isolation | c. | Punctuated
equilibrium | b. | Polyploid speciation | d. | Gradualism | | | | |
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21.
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The graphs
below illustrate the changing populations of two species in the same ecosystem over time. Which graph
represents a mutualistic relationship?
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22.
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Which model
would an ecologist use to show the weight of living material in an ecosystem? a. | A food
web | c. | A pyramid of
numbers | b. | A pyramid of energy | d. | A pyramid of biomass | | | | |
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23.
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Which part
of the plant is most like a highway used to transport goods?
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24.
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What
adaptation allows a redwood tree to grow to towering heights? a. | Vascular
tissues | c. | Rhizoids | b. | Broad leaves | d. | Cuticles | | | | |
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25.
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You
are in the rain forest studying the diet of tropical tree frogs. Which is inappropriate for you to
do? a. | Keep out of
sight. | c. | Record all your
data and observations. | b. | Feed the frogs part of your
food. | d. | Reduce bias in
the experiment. | | | | |
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