Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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Population of unknown organisms | Year | Spring | Summer | Autumn | Winter | 1995 | 564 | 14,598 | 25,762 | 127 | 1996 | 750 | 16,422 | 42,511 | 102 | 1997 | 365 | 14,106 | 36,562 | 136 | | | | | |
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1.
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Based on the
data, what can you conclude about the organism? a. | It has a short lifespan. | c. | It thrives in even-numbered years. | b. | It has a long
lifespan. | d. | It does not like cold
or hot temperatures. | | | | |
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Liquid’s
Measurement Data | Liquid | Mass of cup
(g) | Mass of
liquid and cup (g) | Mass of
liquid only (g) | Volume of
liquid (mL) | Density
(g/mL) | Tap
water | 7 | 106 | 99 | 100 | 0.99 | Salt
water | 6 | 110 | 104 | 100 | 1.04 | Oil
| 6 | 98 | 92 | 100 | 0.92 | | | | | | |
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2.
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Which
of the following is true about the experiment? a. | The density is the independent variable, the liquid is the
dependent variable, and the volume is constant. | b. | The liquid is
the independent variable, the density is the dependent variable, and the volume is
constant. | c. | The mass of cup is the independent variable, the density is the
dependent variable, and the volume is constant. | d. | The mass of
liquid is the independent variable, the volume of liquid is the dependent variable, and the mass of
cup is constant. | | |
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3.
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Which of the
following pairs of terms are NOT closely related? a. | RNA-DNA | c. | carbon-codons | b. | proteins-amino
acids | d. | genes-chromosomes | | | | |
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First Base
in Codon | Second Base in
Codon | Third Base
in
Codon | A | A | G | T | C | | phenylalanine | serine | tyrosine | cysteine | A | phenylalanine | serine | tyrosine | cysteine | G | leucine | serine | stop | stop | T | leucine | serine | stop | tryptophan | C | G | leucine | proline | histidine | arginine | A | leucine | proline | histidine | arginine | G | leucine | proline | glutamine | arginine | T | leucine | proline | glutamine | arginine | C | T | isoleucine | threonine | asparagine | serine | A | isoleucine | threonine | asparagine | serine | G | isoleucine | threonine | lysine | arginine | T | methionine
(start) | threonine | lysine | arginine | C | C | valine | alanine | aspartate | glycine | A | valine | alanine | aspartate | glycine | G | valine | alanine | glutamate | glycine | T | valine | alanine | glutamate | glycine | C | | | | | | |
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4.
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Based on the
table above, what is the second nitrogen base in the codon that represents the amino acid
methionine? a. | thymine | c. | guanine | b. | adenine | d. | cytosine | | | | |
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5.
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Why is an
mRNA molecule important to the cell? a. | It is the genetic information of the cell. | b. | This complementary copy
of genetic information can leave the nucleus while the master copy stays within the
nucleus. | c. | A molecule of mRNA contains uracil rather than
thymine. | d. | It brings amino acids to the ribosomes so that they can be assembled
into proteins. | | |
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Huntington’s disease is a lethal genetic disorder caused by a dominant gene. The
nervous system of a person with Huntington’s disease undergoes progressive degeneration, which
results in uncontrolled, jerky movements of the head and limbs and eventual mental deterioration. The
onset of this disease usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 50. Each child of a parent affected
with Huntington’s disease has a 50 percent chance of being affected and a 50 percent chance of
passing the defective gene on to his or her own child. Currently, no effective treatment exists for
this disease.
The diagram below is a
typical pedigree for Huntington’s disease. A pedigree is a graphic representation that shows
patterns of inheritance. The circles represent females; the squares represent males. Shaded shapes
indicate affected individuals. Mating occurred between individuals connected by short, horizontal
lines.
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6.
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Based on the
statement and the art above, why can Huntington’s disease be passed unknowingly to future
generations? a. | Only one parent must be
a carrier in order for the gene to be inherited. | b. | The onset of the
disease often occurs after a carrier has had children. | c. | It is a lethal
disease. | d. | It affects the central nervous system. | | |
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7.
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Using the
art above, what are the phenotypes of the offspring? a. | all long
wings | c. | mostly long
wings | b. | all short wings | d. | half short and half long | | | | |
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8.
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A plant
shows incomplete dominance. First generation offspring of a cross between plants with white flowers
and plants with purple flowers will produce flowers with which of the following
colors? a. | white | c. | purple | b. | light blue | d. | deep purple | | | | |
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9.
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Which of the
following best describes the bacteria shown in A? a. | streptococci | c. | diplococci | b. | staphylococci | d. | diplobacilli | | | | |
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10.
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The
place where two bones meet is called a joint. To which body system do joints belong? a. | Circulatory
system | c. | Muscular
system | b. | Digestive system | d. | Skeletal system | | | | |
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11.
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What
data will a student need to collect to determine the speed of a toy car? a. | distance
only | c. | mass, distance,
time | b. | distance,
time | d. | speed
only | | | | |
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12.
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A
student needs to measure exactly 42.5 mL of an acid. Which of the following pieces of laboratory
equipment would it be best for her to use? a. | 10-mL graduated cylinder | c. | 50-mL beaker | b. | 50-mL graduated
cylinder | d. | 250-mL
flask | | | | |
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Group | Domestic Cat | Leopard | Deer | Kingdom | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Phylum | Chordata | Chordata | Chordata | Class | Mammalia | Mammalia | Mammalia | Order | Carnivora | Carnivora | Artiodactyla | Family | Felidae | Felidae | Cervidae | Genus | Felis | Panthera | Odocoileus | Species | Felis cattus | Panthera
pardus | Odocoileus virginianus | | | | |
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13.
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Based on the
table above, at which level do deer and leopards differ? a. | Phylum | c. | Kingdom | b. | Class | d. | Order | | | | |
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14.
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The table
below shows chemicals found in certain bacteria. Each capital letter represents a different chemical.
Which bacteria are most closely related?
Chemicals
Present | Bacteria
1 | A, G, T, C, L, E, S, H | Bacteria
2 | A, G, T, C, L, D | Bacteria
3 | A, G, T, C, L, D, P, U, S, R, I, V | Bacteria 4 | A, G, T, C, L, D,
H | | |
a. | Bacteria 1 and
2 | c. | Bacteria 2 and
4 | b. | Bacteria 1 and
3 | d. | Bacteria 2 and
3 | | | | |
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Percent of Each Base in DNA Samples | Source of Sample | A | G | C | T | Human
liver | 30.3 | 19.5 | 19.9 | 30.3 | Human
thymus | 30.9 | 19.9 | 19.8 | 29.4 | Herring
sperm | 27.8 | 22.2 | 22.6 | 27.5 | Yeast | 31.7 | 18.2 | 17.4 | 32.6 | | | | | |
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15.
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Based on the
art above, what is the approximate ratio of adenine to thymine in each sample?
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16.
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Periods of
drought (absence of rain) break up a forest into smaller patches of trees. Natural selection results
in tree frog populations evolving distinct gene pools. Groups of frogs can no longer produce fertile
offspring. Which of the following processes occurred in this situation? a. | Extinction | c. | Phylogenetic
classification | b. | Convergent evolution | d. | Geographic isolation | | | | |
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17.
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Dolphins and
fish are unrelated vertebrates with similar body shapes that are adapted for moving efficiently
through water. What evolutionary process is shown by this example? a. | Divergent
evolution | c. | Reproductive
isolation | b. | Convergent evolution | d. | Polyploid speciation | | | | |
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18.
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Migration is
an adaptation in which some species of birds fly long distances for the winter. Studies have shown
that young birds do not follow older birds in the group during migration. What is
migration? a. | A territorial
behavior | c. | An
instinct | b. | A reflex | d. | An aggressional behavior | | | | |
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19.
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Which of
the following best describes the pattern of evolution known as punctuated
equilibrium? a. | Intermediate forms of
every species exist or once existed on Earth. | b. | Rapid evolution of
species comes about by the mutations of a few genes. | c. | Variations exist only
in a very few members of a species. | d. | Different organisms become adapted to their environments in similar
ways. | | |
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20.
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A dead deer
near a highway would most likely be eaten by which animal? a. | Hawk | c. | Chipmunk | b. | Raccoon | d. | Vulture | | | | |
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21.
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Why must
spore-releasing plants inhabit moist environments? a. | Spores have no
protective covering. | b. | The gametes are haploid (n). | c. | Water is needed for
fertilization. | d. | They have no system for absorbing water and
nutrients. | | |
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22.
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How is
energy replenished in ecosystems? a. | By the Sun | c. | By recycling | b. | By body
functions | d. | By food
chains | | | | |
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23.
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What
are the potential dangers if a chemical from a lab spills on your hand? a. | Your hand could
catch fire. | b. | You will risk being infected with
bacteria. | c. | You could get a chemical burn. | d. | You could cut
your hand. | | |
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24.
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Which
is the correct way to hold a test tube while heating its contents? a. | Pointing
straight up | c. | Pointing away
from yourself and others | b. | Pointing horizontally | d. | Pointing straight at yourself | | | | |
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25.
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You
are on your first field investigation to study the social behavior of ducks. When you get out into
the field, what is the first thing you do? a. | Assign a control | c. | Report your results | b. | Draw
conclusions | d. | Observe the
ducks | | | | |
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