Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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Population of unknown organisms | Year | Spring | Summer | Autumn | Winter | 1995 | 564 | 14,598 | 25,762 | 127 | 1996 | 750 | 16,422 | 42,511 | 102 | 1997 | 365 | 14,106 | 36,562 | 136 | | | | | |
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1.
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Based on the
data, what can you conclude about the organism? a. | It has a short lifespan. | c. | It thrives in even-numbered years. | b. | It has a long
lifespan. | d. | It does not like cold
or hot temperatures. | | | | |
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2.
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How
much liquid is in the cylinder shown in the figure? a. | 78
mL | c. | 80
mL | b. | 79
mL | d. | 81
mL | | | | |
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3.
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Which of the
following pairs of terms are NOT related? a. | AIDS—immune system | c. | warts—respiratory system | b. | colds—respiratory
system | d. | influenza—respiratory system | | | | |
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4.
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Why is DNA
replication important? a. | Replication forms the characteristic structure of a strand of
DNA. | b. | The process changes
messenger RNA into transfer RNA. | c. | A species could not survive and individuals in the species could not
successfully grow and reproduce without DNA replication. | d. | Replication is the
process that results in the formation of amino acids that make up a
protein. | | |
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5.
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Which of
these processes does NOT require DNA replication? a. | mitosis | c. | cell division | b. | meiosis | d. | cell
growth | | | | |
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6.
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Which of the
following correctly sequences the main steps involved in protein synthesis? a. | free RNA nucleotides
pair to form mRNA; mRNA attaches to a ribosome; tRNA molecules pair with mRNA codons as the
mRNA slides along the ribosome; acids are joined by an enzyme | b. | mRNA attaches to a
ribosome; tRNA molecules pair with mRNA codons as the mRNA slides along the ribosome; acids are
joined by an enzyme; free RNA nucleotides pair to form mRNA | c. | tRNA molecules pair
with mRNA codons as the mRNA slides along the ribosome; acids are joined by an enzyme; free RNA
nucleotides pair to form mRNA; mRNA attaches to a ribosome | d. | free RNA nucleotides
pair to form mRNA; tRNA molecules pair with mRNA codons as the mRNA slides along the ribosome; acids
are joined by an enzyme; mRNA attaches to a ribosome | | |
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7.
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Which of the
following processes results in an RNA copy of a DNA strand? a. | translation | c. | replication | b. | transcription | d. | mitosis | | | | |
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8.
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What kind of
molecule is shown? a. | replicated DNA | c. | transfer RNA | b. | messenger
RNA | d. | transfer
DNA | | | | |
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9.
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This
molecule plays a major role in which of the following processes? a. | replication | c. | mitosis | b. | meiosis | d. | translation | | | | |
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Huntington’s disease is a lethal genetic disorder caused by a dominant gene. The
nervous system of a person with Huntington’s disease undergoes progressive degeneration, which
results in uncontrolled, jerky movements of the head and limbs and eventual mental deterioration. The
onset of this disease usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 50. Each child of a parent affected
with Huntington’s disease has a 50 percent chance of being affected and a 50 percent chance of
passing the defective gene on to his or her own child. Currently, no effective treatment exists for
this disease.
The diagram below is a
typical pedigree for Huntington’s disease. A pedigree is a graphic representation that shows
patterns of inheritance. The circles represent females; the squares represent males. Shaded shapes
indicate affected individuals. Mating occurred between individuals connected by short, horizontal
lines.
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10.
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Which of the
following statements best summarizes the information in the diagram? a. | The female in the first
generation was the carrier of the gene. | b. | The trait is found in every generation and is equally distributed
among males and females. | c. | The trait is more common in females than in the males of the
family. | d. | Females in the second generation were not affected by the disease and
thus, were unable to pass it on to their children. | | |
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11.
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A purebred
animal with brown fur is crossed with a purebred animal with tan fur. The offspring has both tan and
brown fur. What type of inheritance pattern is involved? a. | incomplete
dominance | c. | codominance | b. | polygenic inheritance | d. | simple inheritance | | | | |
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12.
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Clostridium tetani are anaerobes that produce a powerful nerve toxin that
causes the often fatal disease called tetanus. C. tetani are found on nearly every surface.
Unless a person has a current immunization (shot) against tetanus, deep puncture wounds can be fatal.
Why? a. | C. tetani can
live with or without oxygen. | b. | Puncture wounds don’t allow air to enter, preventing oxygen in
the air from killing the C. tetani. | c. | C. tetani have
no flagella and thus cannot move away from the wound. | d. | C. tetani only
form as diplococci. | | |
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13.
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How is an
open circulatory system beneficial to an organism? a. | It allows gases to
enter and leave the body through pores. | b. | It exposes body organs directly to blood that contains nutrients and
oxygen. | c. | It keeps blood flowing in the vessels. | d. | It allows wastes to
easily leave the body. | | |
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14.
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Which
of the following animals has an exoskeleton? a. | Crab | c. | Frog | b. | Elephant | d. | Fish | | | | |
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The main
function of the four-chambered human heart is to keep blood moving constantly through the body. The
upper chambers of the heart are the atria. The thicker, more muscular, lower two chambers are the
ventricles. Blood enters the heart through the atria and leaves the heart through the ventricles. The
right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the head and body through two large veins called the
venae cavae. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through pulmonary veins. After
they receive blood, the atria contract, pushing blood down into the ventricles. Then, both ventricles
contract. When the right ventricle contracts, it pushes the oxygen-poor blood from the right
ventricle out of the heart, toward the lungs, and through the pulmonary arteries. At the same time,
the left ventricle forcefully pushes oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle out of the heart,
through the aorta, and to the arteries.
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15.
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Based
on the information in this passage, what is the function of the superior vena cava? a. | It is the
passageway by which oxygen-poor blood enters the heart. | b. | It is the
passageway by which oxygen-rich blood enters the heart. | c. | It is the
passageway by which oxygen-poor blood leaves the heart. | d. | It is the
passageway by which oxygen-rich blood leaves the heart. | | |
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16.
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What
is the mass of the object being measured in the figure?
a. | 39.100
g | c. | 111.39
g | b. | 100.39
g | d. | 139
g | | | | |
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Group | Domestic Cat | Leopard | Deer | Kingdom | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Phylum | Chordata | Chordata | Chordata | Class | Mammalia | Mammalia | Mammalia | Order | Carnivora | Carnivora | Artiodactyla | Family | Felidae | Felidae | Cervidae | Genus | Felis | Panthera | Odocoileus | Species | Felis cattus | Panthera
pardus | Odocoileus virginianus | | | | |
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17.
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Based on the
table above, at which level do deer and leopards differ? a. | Phylum | c. | Kingdom | b. | Class | d. | Order | | | | |
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18.
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Which of the
following best describes the body’s kidneys? a. | Computers that send messages to and from the
brain | b. | Janitors that filter and maintain the balance of fluids in the
body | c. | Pumps that push blood
to and from the heart | d. | Slides that transport food and other substances through the
body | | |
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Percent of Each Base in DNA Samples | Source of Sample | A | G | C | T | Human
liver | 30.3 | 19.5 | 19.9 | 30.3 | Human
thymus | 30.9 | 19.9 | 19.8 | 29.4 | Herring
sperm | 27.8 | 22.2 | 22.6 | 27.5 | Yeast | 31.7 | 18.2 | 17.4 | 32.6 | | | | | |
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19.
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Based on the
art above, what is the approximate ratio of adenine to thymine in each sample?
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20.
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Based on the
art above, which of the following best describes the relationship between the amounts of bases in the
herring sperm and the yeast? a. | The amounts of all of the bases are nearly the
same. | b. | Only the amounts of guanine and cytosine are nearly the
same. | c. | The amounts of the bases vary because herring are closely related to
yeast. | d. | The amounts are different because herring and yeast are different
species. | | |
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21.
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Over time,
natural selection caused a change in the populations of light-colored and dark moths. Which of the
following most likely occurred as the result of natural selection? a. | All of the moths became
light-colored. | b. | The dark moths increased in number until most of the moths of this
species in the area were dark. | c. | The birds stopped eating the moths and found another food
source. | d. | The moths were unable to reproduce and eventually became
extinct. | | |
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22.
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According to
the graph, what happens to the predator population when the prey population
decreases? a. | It
increases. | c. | It stays the
same. | b. | It decreases. | d. | It doubles. | | | | |
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23.
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Which
statement best summarizes the trend on the graph? a. | Predation affects population size. | b. | Predation is harmful to
the species involved. | c. | Animals use predation to acquire energy. | d. | Predator-prey
relationships do not affect population size. | | |
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24.
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Which
organism is a first-order consumer?
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25.
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If
there is a clear chemical on your table during a lab, how should you identify it? a. | Ask your
instructor what it is. | c. | Smell the
chemical. | b. | Taste the chemical. | d. | Rub the chemical between your
fingers. | | | | |
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