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Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A B C D	1.	A toy race track is analogous to which of the following? a. Photographic slide c. Research paper b. Model d. Computer
A B C D	2.	A researcher finds that her data do not support her hypothesis. What conclusion can she reach? a. The hypothesis is wrong. c. The data do not support the hypothesis. b. The data are incorrect. d. Her observations were biased.
A B C D	3.	What is the function of the structure labeled C? a. To produce ribosomes c. To generate energy b. To suspend organelles d. To maintain homeostasis
A B C D	4.	How much liquid is in the cylinder shown in the figure? a. 78 mL c. 80 mL b. 79 mL d. 81 mL
A B C D	5.	Which of the following structures would you NOT find in your body cells? a. mitochondria c. plasma membranes b. cell walls d. ribosomes
		Huntington’s disease is a lethal genetic disorder caused by a dominant gene. The nervous system of a person with Huntington’s disease undergoes progressive degeneration, which results in uncontrolled, jerky movements of the head and limbs and eventual mental deterioration. The onset of this disease usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 50. Each child of a parent affected with Huntington’s disease has a 50 percent chance of being affected and a 50 percent chance of passing the defective gene on to his or her own child. Currently, no effective treatment exists for this disease. The diagram below is a typical pedigree for Huntington’s disease. A pedigree is a graphic representation that shows patterns of inheritance. The circles represent females; the squares represent males. Shaded shapes indicate affected individuals. Mating occurred between individuals connected by short, horizontal lines.
A B C D	6.	Based on the statement and the art above, how many individuals in the second generation are carriers of the gene that causes this disease? a. 1 c. 3 b. 2 d. 5
A B C D	7.	Which of the following is true of incomplete dominance? a. A third phenotype appears. b. Phenotypes of both homozygotes are produced in heterozygote individuals. c. Both alleles are expressed. d. Multiple alleles are expressed.
A B C D	8.	Bacteria that grow in the presence of the antibiotic, penicillin, develop holes in their cell walls. Which of the following explains why penicillin is effective against some bacteria? a. Water enters the holes in these bacteria and causes osmotic rupture. b. Penicillin causes the flagella to become inactive. c. The pili of the bacteria puncture the penicillin. d. Penicillin produces oxygen, which kills any kind of bacteria.
A B C D	9.	Which of the following does NOT affect the kind of bacteria in the normal flora of an individual? a. diet c. use of antibiotics b. age d. height
A B C D	10.	The place where two bones meet is called a joint. To which body system do joints belong? a. Circulatory system c. Muscular system b. Digestive system d. Skeletal system
A B C D	11.	Which of the following, correctly sequences organisms with the most complex nervous systems to the least complex? a. Humans, birds, worms, cnidarians c. Worms, cnidarians, reptiles, mammals b. Amphibians, insects, mammals, sponges d. Mammals, cnidarians, worms, sponges
A B C D	12.	Using the art above, room temperature is approximately 20°C. What is room temperature on the Kelvin scale? a. -253 K c. 68 K b. 0 K d. 293 K
A B C D	13.	What is listed in the first column of a data table? a. the title c. collected data b. characteristics to be compared d. items to be compared
A B C D	14.	Suppose you are alone in your house. Suddenly, you hear a creak in the attic. Your heart begins to pound and your breathing becomes rapid. Which of the following body systems controls these reactions? a. The somatic system c. The sympathetic system b. The circulatory system d. The respiratory system
A B C D	15.	What three body systems are involved in this reaction? a. Integumentary, nervous, and muscular c. Integumentary, skeletal, and muscular b. Skeletal, nervous, and circulatory d. Integumentary, autonomic, and muscular
A B C D	16.	The presence of gills and tails in the early stages of all vertebrates indicates common ancestry. Which of the following evidence from the fossil record supports this statement? a. Aquatic, gill-breathing vertebrates were the ancestors of air-breathing land species. b. Fossils are generally as old as the rocks in which they are found. c. Similarities among DNA indicate a common ancestor. d. Structural adaptations are not inherited from parents.
A B C D	17.	According to the diagram, how have elephants changed over the past 55 million years? a. Their ears have become enlarged and their bodies have gotten smaller. b. Their trunks have become longer and their legs have become shorter. c. Their bodies have become larger and their trunks have become longer. d. Their tusks have become longer and their ears have become larger.
A B C D	18.	An albino animal has white skin and hair and pink eyes. How can this variation be harmful to an organism? a. It prevents the organism from mating. b. Lack of pigment exposes the animal to dangerous rays from the Sun. c. It prevents the animal from making its own food. d. Lack of pigment results in geographical isolation from other animals in the species.
A B C D	19.	Suppose one group of tree frogs that has been isolated from another group evolves the behavior of mating in the fall. The other group mates during the summer. What type of isolation has occurred between these two groups? a. Geographic isolation c. Reproductive isolation b. Polyploid speciation d. Gradualism
A B C D	20.	How does parasitism differ from predation? a. No organism is harmed in a parasitic relationship. b. No organism is harmed in a predator-prey relationship. c. Parasitism does not always result in the death of an organism. d. Parasitism does not occur among mammals.
A B C D	21.	Which of the following food chains correctly shows the path of matter and energy through an ecosystem? a. deer · bear · grass c. seeds · bear · chipmunk b. grass · deer · bear d. chipmunk · seeds · deer
A B C D	22.	The graph shows levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 250 years. Which statement best summarizes the trend shown in the graph? a. Levels of CO2 are rising. b. Levels of CO2 are decreasing. c. Levels of CO2 have remained the same. d. Levels of CO2 are fluctuating, but no pattern exists.
A B C D	23.	What are the potential dangers if a chemical from a lab spills on your hand? a. Your hand could catch fire. b. You will risk being infected with bacteria. c. You could get a chemical burn. d. You could cut your hand.
A B C D	24.	You are performing a lab that involves a mouse. In your lab, you see the safety symbol of a mouse, indicating a biological specimen will be used. Who does this precaution protect? a. You and the mouse c. The mouse only b. You only d. Your instructor
A B C D	25.	You are on your first field investigation to study the social behavior of ducks. When you get out into the field, what is the first thing you do? a. Assign a control c. Report your results b. Draw conclusions d. Observe the ducks