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Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A B C D	1.	A researcher finds that her data do not support her hypothesis. What conclusion can she reach? a. The hypothesis is wrong. c. The data do not support the hypothesis. b. The data are incorrect. d. Her observations were biased.
		Animal Length of digestive system Diet category Animal weight Koala 305 cm herbivore 10 kg Dog 135 cm carnivore 11 kg Rabbit 272 cm herbivore 9 kg Bobcat 145 cm carnivore 12 kg
A B C D	2.	What is the average weight of the animals in the table? a. 9.5 kg c. 22 kg b. 10.5 kg d. 42 kg
A B C D	3.	A student wants to incorporate a scanned photograph into her lab report. The photograph must be reduced to fit within the margins of the text. What computer application could she use to accomplish this task? a. Graphics software c. Word-processing program b. Electronic spreadsheet d. Help menu
A B C D	4.	What is the name for these strands of genetic material? a. Nucleolus c. Chromatin b. Ribosomes d. Chlorophyll
A B C D	5.	If a strand of DNA had bases in the following order—ATCCGTC, what would be the order of the bases in the other strand of DNA? a. ATCCGTC c. GAGGCAT b. TAGGCAG d. GCTTACT
A B C D	6.	Why is DNA replication important? a. Replication forms the characteristic structure of a strand of DNA. b. The process changes messenger RNA into transfer RNA. c. A species could not survive and individuals in the species could not successfully grow and reproduce without DNA replication. d. Replication is the process that results in the formation of amino acids that make up a protein.
A B C D	7.	Which of the following processes does NOT involve ribonucleic acid? a. replication c. transcription b. translation d. codon attachment to a ribosome
A B C D	8.	Why is an mRNA molecule important to the cell? a. It is the genetic information of the cell. b. This complementary copy of genetic information can leave the nucleus while the master copy stays within the nucleus. c. A molecule of mRNA contains uracil rather than thymine. d. It brings amino acids to the ribosomes so that they can be assembled into proteins.
A B C D	9.	Which of the following pairs of codons make up the section of DNA with bases in the order: GATCCT? a. CUA and GGA c. GAT and CCT b. CAT and GGC d. AGU and UUC
A B C D	10.	What kind of mutation is shown in the art below? a. deletion c. insertion b. translocation d. inversion
		Huntington’s disease is a lethal genetic disorder caused by a dominant gene. The nervous system of a person with Huntington’s disease undergoes progressive degeneration, which results in uncontrolled, jerky movements of the head and limbs and eventual mental deterioration. The onset of this disease usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 50. Each child of a parent affected with Huntington’s disease has a 50 percent chance of being affected and a 50 percent chance of passing the defective gene on to his or her own child. Currently, no effective treatment exists for this disease. The diagram below is a typical pedigree for Huntington’s disease. A pedigree is a graphic representation that shows patterns of inheritance. The circles represent females; the squares represent males. Shaded shapes indicate affected individuals. Mating occurred between individuals connected by short, horizontal lines.
A B C D	11.	Based on the statement and the art above, why can Huntington’s disease be passed unknowingly to future generations? a. Only one parent must be a carrier in order for the gene to be inherited. b. The onset of the disease often occurs after a carrier has had children. c. It is a lethal disease. d. It affects the central nervous system.
A B C D	12.	What is the primary function of an organism’s integumentary system? a. To protect against the drying out of internal parts b. To give coloration that aids in reproduction c. To provide nourishment for the organism d. To aid in movement
A B C D	13.	The place where two bones meet is called a joint. To which body system do joints belong? a. Circulatory system c. Muscular system b. Digestive system d. Skeletal system
A B C D	14.	Vertebrates use two main body systems to swim, slither, fly, hop, walk, and run. Which two systems are these? a. Circulatory and muscular c. Respiratory and circulatory b. Immune and skeletal d. Muscular and skeletal
A B C D	15.	The surface of liquids in a glass cylinder is always curved. This curved surface is called a meniscus. When reading a volume of a liquid, read the bottom of the meniscus. What is the most precise volume of the liquid shown in the figure? a. 19.4 mL c. 19.57 mL b. 19.42 mL d. 20.58 mL
A B C D	16.	Using the art above, room temperature is approximately 20°C. What is room temperature on the Kelvin scale? a. -253 K c. 68 K b. 0 K d. 293 K
A B C D	17.	What is plotted on the x-axis of a line graph? a. independent variables c. controls b. dependent variables d. comparisons
A B C D	18.	Based on the fan diagram, approximately how long did the Mesozoic Era last? a. 299 million years c. 66 million years b. 179 million years d. 245 million years
A B C D	19.	Which of the following best describes the functions of blood? a. It helps give the human body structure and support. b. It aids in excretion of wastes via the urinary system. c. It carries oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive system to the cells. d. It aids in the formation of secondary sex characteristics including the production of sperm and eggs.
		A family of birds commonly called the Hawaiian honeycreepers is unique to the Hawaiian Islands, which are located in the Pacific Ocean far from major landmasses. The honeycreepers have similarly shaped bodies and are about the same size. They differ sharply, however, in plumage color and beak shape. Each species of honeycreeper has a beak that is adapted to the type of food it eats and occupies its own niche. A niche is the role of a particular species in a community regarding food, space, reproduction, and how it interacts with nonliving parts of its environment. The honeycreepers are thought to have evolved from a single ancestral species that came to the Hawaiian Islands millions of years ago. The pattern of evolution shown by the honeycreepers is known as adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiation is one example of divergent evolution, a pattern of evolution in which species that were once all similar to the ancestral species became more and more distinct. Divergent evolution occurs when species begin to adapt to different environmental conditions.
A B C D	20.	Based on information in the above statement, which of the following is evidence that the birds had a common ancestor? a. Similar body size and shape c. Different beak designs b. Similar feather colors d. Different feather colors
A B C D	21.	What factor limits the number of links in a food chain? a. Scarcity of prey c. Type of ecosystem b. Population size d. Energy loss
A B C D	22.	Why do plants have roots? a. To conserve nutrients c. To absorb water b. To photosynthesize d. To reproduce
A B C D	23.	What adaptation allows a redwood tree to grow to towering heights? a. Vascular tissues c. Rhizoids b. Broad leaves d. Cuticles
A B C D	24.	Which of the following is most like a recycling plant? a. The flow of matter through an ecosystem b. The flow of energy through an ecosystem c. A diagram showing different trophic levels d. A model of a food chain
A B C D	25.	Why is it important to NOT run if your hair or clothing catches fire in a science lab? a. It will cause others to run. c. Running will feed oxygen to the fire. b. Running will put out the fire. d. The fire will burn out on its own.