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Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A B C D	1.	A toy race track is analogous to which of the following? a. Photographic slide c. Research paper b. Model d. Computer
		Animal Length of digestive system Diet category Animal weight Koala 305 cm herbivore 10 kg Dog 135 cm carnivore 11 kg Rabbit 272 cm herbivore 9 kg Bobcat 145 cm carnivore 12 kg
A B C D	2.	Herbivores are animals that eat plants. Carnivores are animals that eat other animals. The table shows data about several herbivores and carnivores. What conclusion can you draw from the data? a. There is no correlation between diet and length of digestive system. b. Herbivores have longer digestive systems than carnivores. c. Carnivores have longer digestive systems than herbivores. d. The length of the digestive system is related to the weight of an animal.
A B C D	3.	Which of the following organisms does NOT have a cell wall? a. Plant c. Bacteria b. Human d. Fungi
A B C D	4.	You are performing an experiment to determine the relative solubilities of alcohol, oil, salt, and sugar in water. Which of the following pieces of equipment would be unsafe to use during this experiment? a. laboratory burner c. stirring rod b. beaker d. balance
A B C D	5.	Which of the following can be called a cell’s "powerhouses?" a. vacuoles c. flagella b. lysosomes d. mitochondria
A B C D	6.	Viruses can only reproduce under which of the following conditions? a. when they are outside a living organism c. when they grow or move b. when they carry out respiration d. when they are inside a host cell
A B C D	7.	If a strand of DNA had bases in the following order—ATCCGTC, what would be the order of the bases in the other strand of DNA? a. ATCCGTC c. GAGGCAT b. TAGGCAG d. GCTTACT
A B C D	8.	Which of the following is NOT necessarily an inherited human trait? a. skin color c. musical talent b. earlobes that are attached to the head d. the ability to curl the tongue
A B C D	9.	Why is DNA replication important? a. Replication forms the characteristic structure of a strand of DNA. b. The process changes messenger RNA into transfer RNA. c. A species could not survive and individuals in the species could not successfully grow and reproduce without DNA replication. d. Replication is the process that results in the formation of amino acids that make up a protein.
A B C D	10.	This molecule plays a major role in which of the following processes? a. replication c. mitosis b. meiosis d. translation
A B C D	11.	What kind of genetic mutation is shown in the art below? a. chromosomal inversion c. deletion b. point mutation d. chromosomal translocation
A B C D	12.	Both parents carry a single defective gene. What are the chances of each child inheriting the disorder caused by the gene? a. 2 percent c. 50 percent b. 25 percent d. 100 percent
A B C D	13.	With two alleles for a trait, there are four boxes in the Punnett square. How many boxes would there be in a Punnett square if two traits were being studied? a. 4 c. 12 b. 8 d. 16
A B C D	14.	Which of the following is true of incomplete dominance? a. A third phenotype appears. b. Phenotypes of both homozygotes are produced in heterozygote individuals. c. Both alleles are expressed. d. Multiple alleles are expressed.
		A school implemented a peer-study group with one class of students to determine how it affected their science grade. The school had four grading periods. The average science grades of the students who participated in the study program were recorded for each grading period. The table below shows the results. Average Grade of Students in Study Program Grading Period Average Science Grade First 81 Second 85 Third 86 Fourth 89
A B C D	15.	Which statement best describes how the school might better analyze the impact of the study program? a. Compare the results to the grades of students who did not participate in the study program. b. Compare the history grades of students who participated in the program to their science grades. c. Examine the topics studied in the science class. d. Interview students who did not participate in the program.
A B C D	16.	Which title would best describe the table? Properties Earth Venus Diameter (km) 12,756 12,104 Average Density (g/cm3) 5.5 5.3 Percentage of sunlight reflected 39 76 Daytime surface temperature (degrees) 300 750 Number of satellites 1 0 a. Diameter of Venus and Earth c. Solar System Data b. Characteristics of Venus and Earth d. Orbital Data
A B C D	17.	What is plotted on the x-axis of a line graph? a. independent variables c. controls b. dependent variables d. comparisons
A B C D	18.	Nitrogen makes up 78 percent of Earth’s atmosphere. Suppose you wanted to make a circle graph of the gases in Earth’s atmosphere. How large of a section, in degrees, would nitrogen take up? a. 360° c. 78° b. 280.8° d. 100°
A B C D	19.	Based on the fan diagram, approximately how long did the Mesozoic Era last? a. 299 million years c. 66 million years b. 179 million years d. 245 million years
A B C D	20.	Which of the following correctly sequences the events that occur when you are tapped on the shoulder? a. You are tapped. The brain sends a response to the shoulder muscles. Sensory neurons transmit the touch message to the brain. The shoulder muscles move and cause your head to turn. b. You are tapped. Motor neurons transmit the touch message to the brain. The brain sends a response to the shoulder muscles. The shoulder muscles move and cause your head to turn. c. You are tapped. Sensory neurons transmit the touch message to the brain. The brain sends a response to the shoulder muscles. The shoulder muscles move and cause your head to turn. d. You are tapped. The brain sends a response to the shoulder muscles. Motor neurons transmit the touch message to the brain. The shoulder muscles move and cause your head to turn.
		Percent of Each Base in DNA Samples Source of Sample A G C T Human liver 30.3 19.5 19.9 30.3 Human thymus 30.9 19.9 19.8 29.4 Herring sperm 27.8 22.2 22.6 27.5 Yeast 31.7 18.2 17.4 32.6
A B C D	21.	Based on the art above, what is the approximate ratio of adenine to thymine in each sample? a. 1:1 c. 1:3 b. 1:2 d. 1:4
		A family of birds commonly called the Hawaiian honeycreepers is unique to the Hawaiian Islands, which are located in the Pacific Ocean far from major landmasses. The honeycreepers have similarly shaped bodies and are about the same size. They differ sharply, however, in plumage color and beak shape. Each species of honeycreeper has a beak that is adapted to the type of food it eats and occupies its own niche. A niche is the role of a particular species in a community regarding food, space, reproduction, and how it interacts with nonliving parts of its environment. The honeycreepers are thought to have evolved from a single ancestral species that came to the Hawaiian Islands millions of years ago. The pattern of evolution shown by the honeycreepers is known as adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiation is one example of divergent evolution, a pattern of evolution in which species that were once all similar to the ancestral species became more and more distinct. Divergent evolution occurs when species begin to adapt to different environmental conditions.
A B C D	22.	Based on information in the above statement, which of the following is evidence that the birds had a common ancestor? a. Similar body size and shape c. Different beak designs b. Similar feather colors d. Different feather colors
A B C D	23.	Which of the following pyramids of numbers correctly shows an ecosystem wherein one tree serves as food for numerous insects? a. c. b. d.
A B C D	24.	Which term would NOT describe the plant in the art above? a. Seed-producing c. Spore-releasing b. Vascular d. Sporophyte
A B C D	25.	Why must spore-releasing plants inhabit moist environments? a. Spores have no protective covering. b. The gametes are haploid (n). c. Water is needed for fertilization. d. They have no system for absorbing water and nutrients.