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Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A B C D	1.	What is the name for these strands of genetic material? a. Nucleolus c. Chromatin b. Ribosomes d. Chlorophyll
A B C D	2.	What is the main difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? a. The need for nutrients c. Organelles b. Plasma membranes d. Algae
A B C D	3.	Which of the following cell parts is analogous to the human skeleton? a. lysosomes c. cytoskeleton b. cilia d. nucleus
		First Base in Codon Second Base in Codon Third Base in Codon A A G T C   phenylalanine serine tyrosine cysteine A phenylalanine serine tyrosine cysteine G leucine serine stop stop T leucine serine stop tryptophan C G leucine proline histidine arginine A leucine proline histidine arginine G leucine proline glutamine arginine T leucine proline glutamine arginine C T isoleucine threonine asparagine serine A isoleucine threonine asparagine serine G isoleucine threonine lysine arginine T methionine (start) threonine lysine arginine C C valine alanine aspartate glycine A valine alanine aspartate glycine G valine alanine glutamate glycine T valine alanine glutamate glycine C
A B C D	4.	Based on the table above, what is the second nitrogen base in the codon that represents the amino acid methionine? a. thymine c. guanine b. adenine d. cytosine
A B C D	5.	What kind of mutation is shown in the art below? a. deletion c. insertion b. translocation d. inversion
		Diphtheria is a highly infectious disease of the respiratory tract that most often affects children. The cause of the disease is an aerobic bacillus that forms V-shaped arrangements. In the early 1900s, diphtheria was one of the leading causes of death in infants and children in the United States and many other countries. In the 1940s, infants and children in the United States were regularly immunized against this disease. In the late 1980s, only two dozen or so cases of diphtheria were reported in the United States. A toxoid is now given in 2 or 3 doses, about one month apart, to infants between the ages of three and four months. A booster injection is given about a year later. Childhood boosters are also given in most cases.
A B C D	6.	Based on the statement above, which of the following best describes the bacterium that causes diphtheria? a. rod-shaped organism that needs oxygen b. spiral-shaped organism that forms clusters c. round cell that affects the digestive system d. grapelike cell that does not use oxygen
A B C D	7.	There is an increasing percentage of adults who have contracted diphtheria. What is the most likely cause of this trend? a. The respiratory tract of an adult is less developed than that of a child. b. The bacteria are more responsive to antibiotics. c. Childhood boosters may not be enough in preventing the disease. Boosters for adults may also be necessary. d. Until the 1940s, diphtheria was one of the leading causes of death only in infants and children.
A B C D	8.	Which of the following animals has an exoskeleton? a. Crab c. Frog b. Elephant d. Fish
A B C D	9.	Vertebrates use two main body systems to swim, slither, fly, hop, walk, and run. Which two systems are these? a. Circulatory and muscular c. Respiratory and circulatory b. Immune and skeletal d. Muscular and skeletal
A B C D	10.	Insects produce dry wastes. Which of the following is a possible reason for this? a. Insects have poorly developed excretory systems. b. Insects have no urinary systems. c. Producing dry wastes conserves water. d. Insects must produce dry wastes in order to molt.
A B C D	11.	Which of the following pairs of systems are affected by a broken bone that breaks the skin? a. Muscular and immune c. Endocrine and  integumentary b. Circulatory and skeletal d. Nervous and reproductive
A B C D	12.	The surface of liquids in a glass cylinder is always curved. This curved surface is called a meniscus. When reading a volume of a liquid, read the bottom of the meniscus. What is the most precise volume of the liquid shown in the figure? a. 19.4 mL c. 19.57 mL b. 19.42 mL d. 20.58 mL
A B C D	13.	What is the mass of the object being measured in the figure? a. 39.100 g c. 111.39 g b. 100.39 g d. 139 g
A B C D	14.	A student needs to measure exactly 42.5 mL of an acid. Which of the following pieces of laboratory equipment would it be best for her to use? a. 10-mL graduated cylinder c. 50-mL beaker b. 50-mL graduated cylinder d. 250-mL flask
A B C D	15.	When a scientist compares two objects or events, what is he or she looking for? a. differences c. similarities b. causes and effects d. errors
		Group Domestic Cat Leopard Deer Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Carnivora Carnivora Artiodactyla Family Felidae Felidae Cervidae Genus Felis Panthera Odocoileus Species Felis cattus Panthera pardus Odocoileus virginianus
A B C D	16.	Based on the table above, which two species are most closely related? a. Domestic cat and deer c. Deer and leopard b. Leopard and domestic cat d. All three are equally related.
A B C D	17.	Which of the following is an example of homeostasis? a. Moving from one place to another c. Sweating while exercising b. Breaking a bone d. Tapping a person on the shoulder
A B C D	18.	The presence of gills and tails in the early stages of all vertebrates indicates common ancestry. Which of the following evidence from the fossil record supports this statement? a. Aquatic, gill-breathing vertebrates were the ancestors of air-breathing land species. b. Fossils are generally as old as the rocks in which they are found. c. Similarities among DNA indicate a common ancestor. d. Structural adaptations are not inherited from parents.
A B C D	19.	Migration is an adaptation in which some species of birds fly long distances for the winter. Studies have shown that young birds do not follow older birds in the group during migration. What is migration? a. A territorial behavior c. An instinct b. A reflex d. An aggressional behavior
A B C D	20.	According to the graph, what happens to the predator population when the prey population decreases? a. It increases. c. It stays the same. b. It decreases. d. It doubles.
A B C D	21.	Why do animals engage in symbiotic relationships? a. To harm one another c. To meet basic needs b. To benefit one another d. To form ecosystems
A B C D	22.	Which organism is a first-order consumer? a. V c. Y b. X d. Z
A B C D	23.	Which model would an ecologist use to show the weight of living material in an ecosystem? a. A food web c. A pyramid of numbers b. A pyramid of energy d. A pyramid of biomass
A B C D	24.	A manufacturing plant is located on the banks of a river. One day, toxic chemicals from the plant accidentally spilled into the river. Fish absorbed some of these chemicals into their bodies. Later, a hawk living near the river is found to have the same toxic chemicals in its system. Which statement best explains why? a. The chemicals entered the air. b. The chemicals entered the food chain. c. The chemicals were contagious. d. The chemicals are commonly found in the environment.
A B C D	25.	Which trophic level represents producers? a. Level one c. Level three b. Level two d. Level four