Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A researcher
finds that her data do not support her hypothesis. What conclusion can she reach? a. | The hypothesis is
wrong. | c. | The data do not support
the hypothesis. | b. | The data are incorrect. | d. | Her observations were biased. | | | | |
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Liquid’s
Measurement Data | Liquid | Mass of cup
(g) | Mass of
liquid and cup (g) | Mass of
liquid only (g) | Volume of
liquid (mL) | Density
(g/mL) | Tap
water | 7 | 106 | 99 | 100 | 0.99 | Salt
water | 6 | 110 | 104 | 100 | 1.04 | Oil
| 6 | 98 | 92 | 100 | 0.92 | | | | | | |
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2.
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Some
of the data in the table were measured during the experiment, and some were calculated from the data
measurements. Which of the quantities in the table were measured? a. | mass of cup,
mass of liquid and cup, and density | b. | mass of cup, mass of liquid and cup, and volume of
liquid | c. | mass of liquid only and density | d. | mass of liquid
only, volume of liquid, and density | | |
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First Base
in Codon | Second Base in
Codon | Third Base
in
Codon | A | A | G | T | C | | phenylalanine | serine | tyrosine | cysteine | A | phenylalanine | serine | tyrosine | cysteine | G | leucine | serine | stop | stop | T | leucine | serine | stop | tryptophan | C | G | leucine | proline | histidine | arginine | A | leucine | proline | histidine | arginine | G | leucine | proline | glutamine | arginine | T | leucine | proline | glutamine | arginine | C | T | isoleucine | threonine | asparagine | serine | A | isoleucine | threonine | asparagine | serine | G | isoleucine | threonine | lysine | arginine | T | methionine
(start) | threonine | lysine | arginine | C | C | valine | alanine | aspartate | glycine | A | valine | alanine | aspartate | glycine | G | valine | alanine | glutamate | glycine | T | valine | alanine | glutamate | glycine | C | | | | | | |
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3.
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A codon
consists of the bases adenine, guanine, and cytosine in that order. Based on the table above, which
amino acid is represented by this codon? a. | cysteine | c. | serine | b. | phenylalanine | d. | tryptophan | | | | |
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4.
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Which of the
following pairs of codons make up the section of DNA with bases in the order:
GATCCT? a. | CUA and
GGA | c. | GAT and
CCT | b. | CAT and
GGC | d. | AGU and
UUC | | | | |
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5.
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Both parents
carry a single defective gene. What are the chances of each child inheriting the disorder caused by
the gene? a. | 2
percent | c. | 50
percent | b. | 25 percent | d. | 100 percent | | | | |
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6.
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Why are
mutations important? a. | They are always passed on to future
generations. | b. | They are often random events. | c. | They only occur in sex
cells. | d. | Variation that results from mutations is fundamental to the evolution
of a species. | | |
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7.
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What are the
genotypes of a homozygous tall pea plant and a heterozygous tall pea plant? a. | tt,
Tt | c. | Tt,
tt | b. | TT, Tt | d. | Tt, TT | | | | |
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8.
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Which of the
following would be most likely to cause disease? a. | a bacterium whose cell wall has
ruptured | c. | a bacterium with
flagella | b. | a relatively large bacterial cell | d. | a bacterial cell with a capsule | | | | |
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Diphtheria
is a highly infectious disease of the respiratory tract that most often affects children. The cause
of the disease is an aerobic bacillus that forms V-shaped arrangements. In the early 1900s,
diphtheria was one of the leading causes of death in infants and children in the United States and
many other countries. In the 1940s, infants and children in the United States were regularly
immunized against this disease. In the late 1980s, only two dozen or so cases of diphtheria were
reported in the United States. A toxoid is now given in 2 or 3 doses, about one month apart, to
infants between the ages of three and four months. A booster injection is given about a year later.
Childhood boosters are also given in most cases.
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9.
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There is an
increasing percentage of adults who have contracted diphtheria. What is the most likely cause of this
trend? a. | The respiratory tract
of an adult is less developed than that of a child. | b. | The bacteria are more
responsive to antibiotics. | c. | Childhood boosters may not be enough in preventing the disease.
Boosters for adults may also be necessary. | d. | Until the 1940s, diphtheria was one of the leading causes of death
only in infants and children. | | |
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10.
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How is an
open circulatory system beneficial to an organism? a. | It allows gases to
enter and leave the body through pores. | b. | It exposes body organs directly to blood that contains nutrients and
oxygen. | c. | It keeps blood flowing in the vessels. | d. | It allows wastes to
easily leave the body. | | |
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11.
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What
is the primary function of an organism’s integumentary system? a. | To protect
against the drying out of internal parts | b. | To give coloration that aids in
reproduction | c. | To provide nourishment for the
organism | d. | To aid in movement | | |
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12.
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Which
of the following pairs of systems are affected by a broken bone that breaks the
skin? a. | Muscular and
immune | c. | Endocrine
and integumentary | b. | Circulatory and skeletal | d. | Nervous and reproductive | | | | |
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The main
function of the four-chambered human heart is to keep blood moving constantly through the body. The
upper chambers of the heart are the atria. The thicker, more muscular, lower two chambers are the
ventricles. Blood enters the heart through the atria and leaves the heart through the ventricles. The
right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the head and body through two large veins called the
venae cavae. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through pulmonary veins. After
they receive blood, the atria contract, pushing blood down into the ventricles. Then, both ventricles
contract. When the right ventricle contracts, it pushes the oxygen-poor blood from the right
ventricle out of the heart, toward the lungs, and through the pulmonary arteries. At the same time,
the left ventricle forcefully pushes oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle out of the heart,
through the aorta, and to the arteries.
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13.
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Based
on the information in this passage, between the atria and the ventricles are one-way valves. What is
the function of these valves? a. | They prevent blood from flowing back into the
atria. | b. | These structures aid in carrying oxygen-poor blood into the
heart. | c. | The valves help bring blood into the
aorta. | d. | The valves carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.
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14.
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A
student measured the length of a piece of string that was 64.34 cm long. Her measurements were 67.02
cm, 67.07 cm, 67.05 cm, and 67.04 cm. Which of the following statements is true? a. | The measurements
were accurate but not precise. | b. | The measurements were precise but not
accurate. | c. | The measurements were both precise and
accurate. | d. | The measurements were neither accurate nor
precise. | | |
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15.
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Based on the
fan diagram, which type of organism evolved first? a. | Protists | c. | Mammals | b. | Ferns | d. | Mollusks | | | | |
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16.
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Which of the
following describes a relationship between the skeletal system and the digestive
system? a. | Bones of the axial
system are used in digestion. | b. | Large bones produce blood cells. | c. | Skeletal muscles are
attached to bones. | d. | Bones are storehouses of essential nutrients obtained from
food. | | |
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17.
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How does
camouflage aid in the evolutionary process? a. | Camouflage enables an organism to copy the appearance of another
species. | b. | This anatomical adaptation helps an organism
mutate. | c. | Organisms that are well camouflaged are more likely to escape
predators and survive to reproduce. | d. | The ability to camouflage is lost during embryonic
development. | | |
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18.
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According to
the diagram, what is the common ancestor of the modern elephant? a. | Loxodonta
africana | c. | Elephas
maximus | b. | Mammuthus primigenius | d. | Primelephas | | | | |
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19.
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Which of the
following best describes a pack of wolves? a. | An organism | c. | A community | b. | A population | d. | An ecosystem | | | | |
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20.
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What word is
most closely related to the meaning of symbiosis? a. | Family | c. | Neighborhood | b. | Continent | d. | Ocean | | | | |
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21.
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Which term
would NOT describe the plant in the art above? a. | Seed-producing | c. | Spore-releasing | b. | Vascular | d. | Sporophyte | | | | |
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22.
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Which of the
following is NOT a characteristic shared by green algae and plants? a. | Cell walls with
cellulose | c. | Chlorophyll | b. | Root systems | d. | Stored food | | | | |
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23.
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Based on
what you’ve learned about the cycling of materials through ecosystems, predict which material
would most likely be added to a chemical fertilizer to increase soil productivity.
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24.
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Which of the
following terms are NOT related? a. | Water cycle—precipitation | c. | Nitrogen cycle—nitrogen fixation | b. | Phosphorus
cycle—evaporation | d. | Carbon
cycle—photosynthesis | | | | |
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25.
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A
scientist conducts an experiment and concludes that the water in a pond is acidic. What should the
next step in the experiment be? a. | Repeat the experiment | b. | Conclude that
all ponds in the area are acidic | c. | Start taking measures to reduce the acidity of the
pond | d. | Disregard the
results and run the experiment again | | |
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