Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of the
following should NOT be included in the description of an experimental
design? a. | Procedure | c. | Materials
used | b. | Problem
statement | d. | Type of data
collected | | | | |
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Animal | Length of digestive system | Diet
category | Animal weight | Koala | 305 cm | herbivore | 10 kg | Dog | 135 cm | carnivore | 11 kg | Rabbit | 272 cm | herbivore | 9 kg | Bobcat | 145 cm | carnivore | 12 kg | | | | |
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2.
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What is the
average weight of the animals in the table? a. | 9.5 kg | c. | 22 kg | b. | 10.5 kg | d. | 42 kg | | | | |
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3.
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What is the
function of the structure labeled C? a. | To produce ribosomes | c. | To generate energy | b. | To suspend
organelles | d. | To maintain
homeostasis | | | | |
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4.
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Which of the
following organisms does NOT have a cell wall? a. | Plant | c. | Bacteria | b. | Human | d. | Fungi | | | | |
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5.
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A thermostat
maintains the temperature of a room at a given level. What cell process is similar to
this? a. | Homeostasis | c. | Food
storage | b. | Energy production | d. | Protein modification | | | | |
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6.
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How
much liquid is in the cylinder shown in the figure? a. | 78
mL | c. | 80
mL | b. | 79
mL | d. | 81
mL | | | | |
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7.
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If a
train could travel on water, it would take an average train about two weeks to travel around Earth.
Which of the following is true about this statement? a. | It is a
hypothesis, not a prediction. | c. | It is both a
prediction and a hypothesis. | b. | It is a prediction, not a
hypothesis. | d. | It is neither a
prediction nor a hypothesis. | | | | |
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8.
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Which of the
labeled cell parts gives leaves and stems their color?
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9.
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How many
carbon atoms are in this nucleotide?
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10.
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This
molecule plays a major role in which of the following processes? a. | replication | c. | mitosis | b. | meiosis | d. | translation | | | | |
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11.
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Which of the
following pairs of terms are NOT related? a. | transfer RNA—translation | c. | DNA molecule—replication | b. | messenger
RNA—transcription | d. | transfer
RNA—replication | | | | |
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Huntington’s disease is a lethal genetic disorder caused by a dominant gene. The
nervous system of a person with Huntington’s disease undergoes progressive degeneration, which
results in uncontrolled, jerky movements of the head and limbs and eventual mental deterioration. The
onset of this disease usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 50. Each child of a parent affected
with Huntington’s disease has a 50 percent chance of being affected and a 50 percent chance of
passing the defective gene on to his or her own child. Currently, no effective treatment exists for
this disease.
The diagram below is a
typical pedigree for Huntington’s disease. A pedigree is a graphic representation that shows
patterns of inheritance. The circles represent females; the squares represent males. Shaded shapes
indicate affected individuals. Mating occurred between individuals connected by short, horizontal
lines.
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12.
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Based on the
statement and the art above, why can Huntington’s disease be passed unknowingly to future
generations? a. | Only one parent must be
a carrier in order for the gene to be inherited. | b. | The onset of the
disease often occurs after a carrier has had children. | c. | It is a lethal
disease. | d. | It affects the central nervous system. | | |
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13.
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Based on the
statement and the art above, how many individuals in the second generation are carriers of the gene
that causes this disease?
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14.
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A purebred
animal with brown fur is crossed with a purebred animal with tan fur. The offspring has both tan and
brown fur. What type of inheritance pattern is involved? a. | incomplete
dominance | c. | codominance | b. | polygenic inheritance | d. | simple inheritance | | | | |
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15.
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Bacteria
that grow in the presence of the antibiotic, penicillin, develop holes in their cell walls. Which of
the following explains why penicillin is effective against some bacteria? a. | Water enters the holes
in these bacteria and causes osmotic rupture. | b. | Penicillin causes the
flagella to become inactive. | c. | The pili of the bacteria puncture the
penicillin. | d. | Penicillin produces oxygen, which kills any kind of bacteria.
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The main
function of the four-chambered human heart is to keep blood moving constantly through the body. The
upper chambers of the heart are the atria. The thicker, more muscular, lower two chambers are the
ventricles. Blood enters the heart through the atria and leaves the heart through the ventricles. The
right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the head and body through two large veins called the
venae cavae. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through pulmonary veins. After
they receive blood, the atria contract, pushing blood down into the ventricles. Then, both ventricles
contract. When the right ventricle contracts, it pushes the oxygen-poor blood from the right
ventricle out of the heart, toward the lungs, and through the pulmonary arteries. At the same time,
the left ventricle forcefully pushes oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle out of the heart,
through the aorta, and to the arteries.
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16.
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Based
on the information in this passage, between the atria and the ventricles are one-way valves. What is
the function of these valves? a. | They prevent blood from flowing back into the
atria. | b. | These structures aid in carrying oxygen-poor blood into the
heart. | c. | The valves help bring blood into the
aorta. | d. | The valves carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.
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17.
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The
surface of liquids in a glass cylinder is always curved. This curved surface is called a meniscus.
When reading a volume of a liquid, read the bottom of the meniscus. What is the most precise volume
of the liquid shown in the figure?
a. | 19.4
mL | c. | 19.57
mL | b. | 19.42
mL | d. | 20.58
mL | | | | |
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18.
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Using
the art above, which of the following statements is true? a. | A Celsius degree
is larger than a unit on the Kelvin scale. | b. | A Celsius degree is smaller than a unit on the Kelvin
scale. | c. | A Celsius degree is the same size as a unit on the Kelvin
scale. | d. | Zero on the Celsius scale is the same as zero on the Kelvin
scale. | | |
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19.
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Which of the
following are analogous structures? a. | A human hand and a crocodile’s claw | b. | The wing of a butterfly
and the wing of a bird | c. | A bird’s beak and a human’s nose | d. | A human leg and a
bird’s wing | | |
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20.
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The graphs
below illustrate the changing populations of two species in the same ecosystem over time. Which graph
represents a mutualistic relationship?
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21.
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Which
organism is a first-order consumer?
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22.
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A dead deer
near a highway would most likely be eaten by which animal? a. | Hawk | c. | Chipmunk | b. | Raccoon | d. | Vulture | | | | |
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23.
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Which of the
following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
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24.
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What happens
during the process of condensation? a. | A solid changes into a gas. | b. | Rain, sleet, or snow
fall to Earth’s surface. | c. | A liquid changes into a gas. | d. | A gas changes into a
liquid. | | |
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25.
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Which
is the correct way to hold a test tube while heating its contents? a. | Pointing
straight up | c. | Pointing away
from yourself and others | b. | Pointing horizontally | d. | Pointing straight at yourself | | | | |
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