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Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A B C D	1.	Why should quantitative experiments be repeated? a. To publish results c. To clearly display information b. To communicate results d. To reduce the chance of error
A B C D	2.	A student wants to incorporate a scanned photograph into her lab report. The photograph must be reduced to fit within the margins of the text. What computer application could she use to accomplish this task? a. Graphics software c. Word-processing program b. Electronic spreadsheet d. Help menu
A B C D	3.	What happens after ribosomes pass into the cytoplasm? a. They pass through the nuclear envelope. b. They attach to rough areas of endoplasmic reticulum. c. They copy DNA. d. They sort and distribute proteins to cell organelles.
A B C D	4.	Which of the following structures would you NOT find in your body cells? a. mitochondria c. plasma membranes b. cell walls d. ribosomes
A B C D	5.	Which of the following pairs of terms are NOT related? a. transfer RNA—translation c. DNA molecule—replication b. messenger RNA—transcription d. transfer RNA—replication
A B C D	6.	A section of DNA contains the following bases in this order: GATCCT. Which of the following mRNA sequences complements this section of DNA? a. CUAGGA c. CTAGGC b. TCGAAG d. AGCUUC
A B C D	7.	Why can the deletion of a single nitrogen base in DNA be harmful to an organism? a. Deletion causes chromosomes to join backwards or to join to the wrong chromosomes. b. Nearly every amino acid in the protein will change after the deletion of the base. c. Deletion causes a gamete to have an extra chromosome. d. Such a mutation causes one chromosome to break off and join to another chromosome.
A B C D	8.	Why does a person with only one copy of a defective gene often not get the disorder associated with the gene? a. Neither parent was a carrier of the gene. b. Both parents were carriers. c. This individual is protected by the presence of a normal gene. d. The individual is not able to reproduce.
		Huntington’s disease is a lethal genetic disorder caused by a dominant gene. The nervous system of a person with Huntington’s disease undergoes progressive degeneration, which results in uncontrolled, jerky movements of the head and limbs and eventual mental deterioration. The onset of this disease usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 50. Each child of a parent affected with Huntington’s disease has a 50 percent chance of being affected and a 50 percent chance of passing the defective gene on to his or her own child. Currently, no effective treatment exists for this disease. The diagram below is a typical pedigree for Huntington’s disease. A pedigree is a graphic representation that shows patterns of inheritance. The circles represent females; the squares represent males. Shaded shapes indicate affected individuals. Mating occurred between individuals connected by short, horizontal lines.
A B C D	9.	Which of the following statements best summarizes the information in the diagram? a. The female in the first generation was the carrier of the gene. b. The trait is found in every generation and is equally distributed among males and females. c. The trait is more common in females than in the males of the family. d. Females in the second generation were not affected by the disease and thus, were unable to pass it on to their children.
A B C D	10.	Which of the following does NOT affect the kind of bacteria in the normal flora of an individual? a. diet c. use of antibiotics b. age d. height
		Diphtheria is a highly infectious disease of the respiratory tract that most often affects children. The cause of the disease is an aerobic bacillus that forms V-shaped arrangements. In the early 1900s, diphtheria was one of the leading causes of death in infants and children in the United States and many other countries. In the 1940s, infants and children in the United States were regularly immunized against this disease. In the late 1980s, only two dozen or so cases of diphtheria were reported in the United States. A toxoid is now given in 2 or 3 doses, about one month apart, to infants between the ages of three and four months. A booster injection is given about a year later. Childhood boosters are also given in most cases.
A B C D	11.	There is an increasing percentage of adults who have contracted diphtheria. What is the most likely cause of this trend? a. The respiratory tract of an adult is less developed than that of a child. b. The bacteria are more responsive to antibiotics. c. Childhood boosters may not be enough in preventing the disease. Boosters for adults may also be necessary. d. Until the 1940s, diphtheria was one of the leading causes of death only in infants and children.
A B C D	12.	Vertebrates use two main body systems to swim, slither, fly, hop, walk, and run. Which two systems are these? a. Circulatory and muscular c. Respiratory and circulatory b. Immune and skeletal d. Muscular and skeletal
A B C D	13.	The graph shows the relationship between degree of slope and loss of soil from a container during an experiment. Which statement describes the relationship between the two variables? a. The data indicates no relationship between the variables. b. Loss of soil increases as slope increases. c. Loss of soil decreases as slope increases. d. Loss of soil increases as slope decreases.
A B C D	14.	Based on the fan diagram, approximately how long did the Mesozoic Era last? a. 299 million years c. 66 million years b. 179 million years d. 245 million years
A B C D	15.	Which of the following correctly sequences organisms from simplest to most complex? a. Eubacteria, plant, protist c. Fungi, animal, archaebacteria b. Eubacteria, protist, animal d. Plant, fungi, protist
		Group Domestic Cat Leopard Deer Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Carnivora Carnivora Artiodactyla Family Felidae Felidae Cervidae Genus Felis Panthera Odocoileus Species Felis cattus Panthera pardus Odocoileus virginianus
A B C D	16.	Based on the table above, which two species are most closely related? a. Domestic cat and deer c. Deer and leopard b. Leopard and domestic cat d. All three are equally related.
A B C D	17.	Which of the following would NOT be used to classify an organism? a. Biochemical analysis c. The behavior of the organism b. The structure of the organism d. The population of similar species
		A family of birds commonly called the Hawaiian honeycreepers is unique to the Hawaiian Islands, which are located in the Pacific Ocean far from major landmasses. The honeycreepers have similarly shaped bodies and are about the same size. They differ sharply, however, in plumage color and beak shape. Each species of honeycreeper has a beak that is adapted to the type of food it eats and occupies its own niche. A niche is the role of a particular species in a community regarding food, space, reproduction, and how it interacts with nonliving parts of its environment. The honeycreepers are thought to have evolved from a single ancestral species that came to the Hawaiian Islands millions of years ago. The pattern of evolution shown by the honeycreepers is known as adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiation is one example of divergent evolution, a pattern of evolution in which species that were once all similar to the ancestral species became more and more distinct. Divergent evolution occurs when species begin to adapt to different environmental conditions.
A B C D	18.	Based on information in the above statement, what is one possible explanation for the divergent evolution of the honeycreepers? a. They all live on the same island. b. They live on different islands. c. They are unable to move from one island to another. d. They all eat different types of foods.
A B C D	19.	Based on information in the above statement, which of the following is evidence that the birds had a common ancestor? a. Similar body size and shape c. Different beak designs b. Similar feather colors d. Different feather colors
A B C D	20.	Dolphins and fish are unrelated vertebrates with similar body shapes that are adapted for moving efficiently through water. What evolutionary process is shown by this example? a. Divergent evolution c. Reproductive isolation b. Convergent evolution d. Polyploid speciation
A B C D	21.	Over time, natural selection caused a change in the populations of light-colored and dark moths. Which of the following most likely occurred as the result of natural selection? a. All of the moths became light-colored. b. The dark moths increased in number until most of the moths of this species in the area were dark. c. The birds stopped eating the moths and found another food source. d. The moths were unable to reproduce and eventually became extinct.
A B C D	22.	Imagine a food chain as an electrical outlet with several sockets lined up in a row. What type of organism can be thought of as a plug that can fit into the food chain at any point? a. Autotroph c. Decomposer b. Omnivore d. Herbivore
A B C D	23.	What plant part is labeled B? a. Roots c. Leaves b. Flower d. Stem
A B C D	24.	What do the arrows represent in the art above? a. Different feeding relationships c. The direction of energy flow b. Progressively smaller organisms d. Different ecosystems
A B C D	25.	If there is a clear chemical on your table during a lab, how should you identify it? a. Ask your instructor what it is. c. Smell the chemical. b. Taste the chemical. d. Rub the chemical between your fingers.