Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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When
checking shell color for a species of snail found only in a remote area seldom visited by humans,
scientists discovered the distribution of individuals that is shown in the graph in Figure 18-1.
Based on the information shown in the graph, the snail population is undergoing
_____. a. | stabilizing
selection | c. | directional
selection | b. | artificial selection | d. | disruptive selection | | | | |
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2.
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Which
of the following is not a factor that causes changes in the frequency of homozygous and
heterozygous individuals in a population? a. | mutations | c. | genetic drift | b. | random
mating | d. | migration | | | | |
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3.
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The
founder of modern evolution theory is considered to be _____. a. | Stephen Jay
Gould | c. | Lynn
Margulis | b. | Alexander Oparin | d. | Charles Darwin | | | | |
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4.
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Natural selection can best be defined as the _____. a. | survival of the
biggest and strongest organisms in a population | b. | survival and
reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area | c. | elimination of
the smallest organisms by the biggest organisms | d. | survival and
reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the
environment | | |
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5.
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Mutations such as polyploidy and crossing over provide the genetic basis for
_____. a. | spontaneous
generation | c. | sexual
reproduction | b. | evolution | d. | biogenesis | | | | |
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6.
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Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all of the
descendants of the target pests were immune to the usual-sized dose. The most likely explanation for
this immunity to the insecticide is that _____. a. | eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become resistant to
it | b. | it selected
random mutations that were present in the insect population and that provided immunity to the
insecticide | c. | it destroyed organisms that cause disease in the insects, thus
allowing them to live longer | d. | eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become less resistant
to it | | |
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7.
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Mutations occur because of _____. a. | the introduction of new variations from
elsewhere | b. | the introduction of new variations through mistakes in DNA
replication | c. | the chance survival and reproduction of new
variations | d. | change in allele or genotype
frequencies | | |
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8.
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_____
selection favors one extreme form of a trait in a population. a. | Disruptive | c. | Stabilizing | b. | Natural | d. | Directional | | | | |
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9.
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A
pattern of evolution that results when two unrelated species begin to appear similar because of
environmental conditions is _____. a. | convergent evolution | c. | divergent evolution | b. | directional
selection | d. | disruptive
selection | | | | |
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10.
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The
variations needed for the origin of structural and physiological adaptations to occur are provided by
_____. a. | mimicry | c. | punctuated
changes | b. | mutations | d. | gradual changes | | | | |
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