Bio6A: Components of DNA and how traits are carried (Ch. 9 - HOLT)
Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A
vaccine is a. | a substance that
kills bacteria or viruses. | b. | an antibody. | c. | a plasmid that
contains disease-causing genes. | d. | a harmless version of a disease-causing
microbe. | | |
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2.
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Griffith’s transformation experiments a. | changed proteins
into DNA. | b. | caused harmless bacteria to become
deadly. | c. | resulted in DNA molecules becoming
proteins. | d. | were designed to show the effect of heat on
bacteria. | | |
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3.
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Griffith’s experiments showed that a. | dead bacteria
could be brought back to life. | b. | harmful bacteria were hardier than harmless
bacteria. | c. | heat caused the harmful and harmless varieties of bacteria to
fuse. | d. | genetic material could be transferred between dead bacteria and
living bacteria. | | |
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4.
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Avery’s experiments showed that transformation a. | is prevented by
protein-destroying enzymes. | b. | is prevented by DNA-destroying
enzymes. | c. | causes protein to become DNA. | d. | is caused by a
protein. | | |
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5.
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Avery
and his research team concluded that a. | RNA was the genetic material. | b. | protein bases
were the genetic material. | c. | DNA and RNA were found in the human
nucleus. | d. | DNA was the genetic material. | | |
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6.
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Using
radioactive tracers to determine the interactions of bacteriophages and their host bacteria, Hershey
and Chase demonstrated without question that a. | genes are composed of protein
molecules. | b. | DNA and proteins are actually the same molecules located in
different parts of cells. | c. | bacteria inject their DNA into the cytoplasm of
bacteriophages. | d. | DNA is the molecule that stores genetic information in
cells. | | |
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7.
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All
of the following are true of the viruses Hershey and Chase used in their study
except a. | they consisted
of DNA surrounded by a protein coat. | b. | they injected their DNA into cells. | c. | they destroyed
the DNA of the infected bacteria. | d. | they caused infected bacteria to make many new
viruses. | | |
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8.
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The
scientist who worked with Martha Chase to prove that genetic material is composed of DNA
was a. | Alfred
Hershey. | c. | Francis
Crick. | b. | Oswald Avery. | d. | Rosalind Franklin. | | | | |
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9.
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All
of the following are true about the structure of DNA except a. | short strands of
DNA are contained in chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell. | b. | every DNA
nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. | c. | DNA consists of
two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds. | d. | the long strands
of nucleotides are twisted into a double helix. | | |
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10.
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Which
of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA? a. | deoxyribose | c. | phosphate | b. | nitrogen base | d. | ribose | | | | |
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11.
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A
nucleotide consists of a. | a sugar, a protein, and adenine. | b. | a sugar, an
amino acid, and starch. | c. | a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen
base. | d. | a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen
base. | | |
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12.
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The
part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the a. | phosphate
group. | c. | nitrogen
base. | b. | sugar. | d. | None of the above | | | | |
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13.
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The
entire molecule shown in the diagram above is called a(n) a. | amino
acid. | c. | polysaccharide. | b. | nucleotide. | d. | pyrimidine. | | | | |
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14.
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Purines and pyrimidines are a. | nitrogen bases found in amino acids. | b. | able to replace
phosphate groups from defective DNA. | c. | names of specific types of DNA
molecules. | d. | classification groups for nitrogen
bases. | | |
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15.
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Of
the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines? a. | adenine—thymine; uracil—cytosine | b. | adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosine | c. | adenine—guanine; thymine—cytosine | d. | uracil—thymine; guanine—cytosine | | |
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16.
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The
scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are a. | Avery and
Chargaff. | c. | Mendel and
Griffith. | b. | Hershey and Chase. | d. | Watson and Crick. | | | | |
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17.
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X-ray
diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that a. | DNA and RNA are
the same molecules. | b. | DNA is composed of either purines or pyrimidines, but not
both. | c. | DNA molecules are arranged as a tightly coiled
helix. | d. | DNA and proteins have the same basic
structure. | | |
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18.
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Watson and Crick : DNA a. | Avery : nucleotides | c. | Wilkins and Franklin : DNA | b. | Hershey and
Chase : protein | d. | Chargaff : X
rays | | | | |
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19.
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The
amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of a. | protein. | c. | adenine. | b. | thymine. | d. | cytosine. | | | | |
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20.
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During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA
strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will
be a. | TTGCATG. | c. | CCTAGCT. | b. | AAGTATC. | d. | GGATCGA. | | | | |
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21.
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adenine : thymine a. | protein : DNA | c. | guanine : cytosine | b. | Watson :
Crick | d. | adenine :
DNA | | | | |
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22.
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The
attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA a. | is accomplished
by DNA polymerase. | b. | is accomplished only in the presence of
tRNA. | c. | prevents separation of complementary strands of
RNA. | d. | is the
responsibility of the complementary DNA mutagens. | | |
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23.
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Which
of the following is not true about DNA replication? a. | It must occur
before a cell can divide. | b. | Two complementary strands are
duplicated. | c. | The double strand unwinds and unzips while it is being
duplicated. | d. | The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA
mutagens. | | |
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24.
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The
enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases are a. | replicases. | c. | helicases. | b. | DNA polymerases. | d. | None of the above | | | | |
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25.
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The
enzymes that unwind DNA are called a. | double helixes. | c. | forks. | b. | DNA
helicases. | d. | phages. | | | | |
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