Bio10B-3: Interrelationships of organ systems - The body's defenses (Ch. 40 - H
Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A
disease-causing agent is called a(n) a. | interferon. | c. | infection. | b. | pathogen. | d. | fungi. | | | | |
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2.
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The
first line of defense against infection includes a. | mucous membranes. | c. | killer T cells. | b. | neutrophils. | d. | antibodies. | | | | |
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3.
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All
of the following possess mucous membranes except the a. | digestive
tract. | c. | nasal
passages. | b. | surface of the skin. | d. | vagina. | | | | |
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4.
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Moderate fevers (below 39°C or 103°F) a. | damage essential
proteins in your body. | b. | inhibit the growth of pathogens and stimulate macrophage
action. | c. | occur late in the disease process after the pathogen is almost
eliminated. | d. | require emergency treatment. | | |
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5.
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The
redness and swelling associated with an inflammatory response is caused by a. | secretion of
antibodies. | b. | dilation (expansion) of local blood
vessels. | c. | complement activity. | d. | natural killer
cells destroying bacteria. | | |
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6.
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redness and swelling : the inflammatory response :: a. | increased blood
flows : AIDS | b. | inflammatory response : membrane attack
complex | c. | neutrophils : autoimmune disease | d. | temperature
increase : temperature response | | |
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7.
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The
protein that causes nearby cells to produce an enzyme that prevents viruses from making proteins and
RNA is called a. | interferon. | c. | mucus. | b. | complement. | d. | MAC. | | | | |
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8.
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White
blood cells that ingest invading microbes and cellular debris resulting from microbial attacks are
called a. | macrophages. | c. | natural killer
cells. | b. | neutrophils. | d. | complement cells. | | | | |
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9.
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Neutrophils are responsible for a. | ingesting individual microbes. | b. | destroying
viruses. | c. | secreting toxic chemicals that kill
bacteria. | d. | producing antibodies. | | |
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10.
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Which
of the following pairs is incorrectly associated? a. | cytotoxic T
cells—attack and kill infected cells | b. | helper T cells—activate cytotoxic T cells and B
cells | c. | B cells—engulf cells that are infected with
microbes | d. | macrophages—consume pathogens and infected
cells | | |
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11.
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bacteria and viruses : pathogens :: a. | B cells and T
cells : mucous membrane cells | b. | helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells : skin
cells | c. | cytotoxic T cells and macrophages :
pathogens | d. | cytotoxic T cells and B cells : white blood
cells | | |
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12.
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Once
stimulated by antigens on the surface of macrophages, helper T cells may a. | stimulate
cytotoxic T cells to attack viruses directly. | b. | stimulate B
cells to divide and develop into plasma cells. | c. | repair
macrophages. | d. | cause fever. | | |
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13.
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Which
of the following is not one of Koch’s postulates? a. | When the
isolated pathogen is injected into the healthy animal, the animal must develop the
disease. | b. | The pathogen must be found in an animal with the disease and
not in a healthy animal. | c. | The healthy animal must be shown to be susceptible to the
pathogen before it is injected with the disease. | d. | The pathogen
must be isolated from the sick animal and grown in a laboratory culture. | | |
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14.
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B
cells a. | sometimes remain
in the blood for years. | b. | secrete antibodies. | c. | are stimulated
by helper T cells. | d. | All of the above | | |
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15.
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Secondary exposure to a pathogen a. | results in very rapid production of
antibodies. | b. | stimulates memory cells to divide
quickly. | c. | may result in destruction of the pathogen before the person
knows he or she is infected. | d. | All of the above | | |
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16.
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Refer
to the illustration above. Which time period would be characterized by the most rapid division of B
cells? a. | Period
A | c. | Period
C | b. | Period
B | d. | None of the
above | | | | |
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17.
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John
and James are identical twins. During the summer following their fifteenth birthday, they went on a
vacation and stayed in a cabin with two of their cousins. One of the cousins came down with the
chicken pox in the middle of the vacation. Chicken pox is caused by a virus. Two weeks later, John
came down with chicken pox. James, however, never developed any symtoms of the disease. Which of the
following is the best explanation for the different responses John and James had to exposure to the
same disease. a. | John and James
are not really identical twins. James inherited an immunity to chicken pox but John did
not. | b. | Even though John
and James are identical twins, they produce different kinds of immune system cells. James had killer
T cells that could recognize and destroy chicken pox viruses, while John did
not. | c. | James had been
exposed to chicken pox at an earlier age and developed the disease. His body produced memory cells
that protected him from further infections of the disease. John did not get exposed to chicken pox at
an earlier age. | d. | James had a cold at the time he was exposed to the chicken pox
virus. The cold virus stimulated his body to produces lots of B cells, which were then also able to
recognize and bind to the chicken pox viruses. John did not have a cold at the time he was exposed to
the chicken pox. | | |
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18.
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Vaccines are effective in preventing disease because they a. | interfere with
the release of suppressor T cells. | b. | are antibodies directed against specific
pathogens. | c. | contain specific B cells and T cells. | d. | trigger antibody
formation. | | |
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19.
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Autoimmune diseases occur when a. | cells release antihistamine. | b. | a person is
infected with HIV. | c. | the body manufactures “anti-self”
antibodies. | d. | a person receives a blood transfusion of the wrong
type. | | |
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20.
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Which
of the following is not an autoimmune disease? a. | systemic lupus
erythematosus | c. | rheumatoid
arthritis | b. | multiple sclerosis | d. | influenza | | | | |
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21.
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Which
of the following statements describes the actions of HIV? a. | HIV attacks and
cripples the immune system. | b. | HIV invades macrophages and helper T
cells. | c. | HIV kills large numbers of helper T
cells. | d. | All of the above | | |
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22.
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A
person infected with HIV may a. | develop the disease called AIDS. | b. | have viruses
reproducing in helper T cells. | c. | be more susceptible to a variety of
pathogens. | d. | All of the above | | |
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23.
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The
debilitating effects of AIDS are caused by the inability of the immune system to a. | activate B cells
and cytotoxic T cells. | c. | recognize and
destroy infected cells. | b. | produce antibodies against
pathogens. | d. | All of the
above | | | | |
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24.
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HIV
can be transmitted a. | through sexual intercourse with an infected
person. | b. | by breastfeeding. | c. | by sharing
contaminated hypodermic needles and syringes. | d. | All of the
above | | |
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25.
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An
inappropriate immune system response against a nonpathogenic antigen is called a(n) a. | autoimmune
disease. | c. | allergic
reaction. | b. | secondary immune reaction. | d. | vaccination reaction. | | | | |
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