Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
role of helper T cells in immune responses is to a. | secrete interleukin-1. | b. | stimulate
macrophages to initiate an “alarm signal.” | c. | initiate the
activities of neutrophils. | d. | activate two different types of immune system
cells. | | |
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2.
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Ways
you can avoid becoming ill include a. | staying at home and only interacting with your
family. | b. | taking lots of different medications before you get
sick. | c. | washing your hands often. | d. | eating only
vegetables. | | |
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3.
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Which
of the following is not one of Koch’s postulates? a. | When the
isolated pathogen is injected into the healthy animal, the animal must develop the
disease. | b. | The pathogen must be found in an animal with the disease and
not in a healthy animal. | c. | The healthy animal must be shown to be susceptible to the
pathogen before it is injected with the disease. | d. | The pathogen
must be isolated from the sick animal and grown in a laboratory culture. | | |
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4.
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John
and James are identical twins. During the summer following their fifteenth birthday, they went on a
vacation and stayed in a cabin with two of their cousins. One of the cousins came down with the
chicken pox in the middle of the vacation. Chicken pox is caused by a virus. Two weeks later, John
came down with chicken pox. James, however, never developed any symtoms of the disease. Which of the
following is the best explanation for the different responses John and James had to exposure to the
same disease. a. | John and James
are not really identical twins. James inherited an immunity to chicken pox but John did
not. | b. | Even though John
and James are identical twins, they produce different kinds of immune system cells. James had killer
T cells that could recognize and destroy chicken pox viruses, while John did
not. | c. | James had been
exposed to chicken pox at an earlier age and developed the disease. His body produced memory cells
that protected him from further infections of the disease. John did not get exposed to chicken pox at
an earlier age. | d. | James had a cold at the time he was exposed to the chicken pox
virus. The cold virus stimulated his body to produces lots of B cells, which were then also able to
recognize and bind to the chicken pox viruses. John did not have a cold at the time he was exposed to
the chicken pox. | | |
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5.
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An
autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the insulating material surrounding nerve cells
in the brain, in the spinal cord, and in the nerves leading from the eyes to the brain
is a. | multiple
sclerosis. | c. | Graves’
disease. | b. | rheumatoid arthritis. | d. | lupus erythematosus. | | | | |
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6.
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Which
of the following statements describes the actions of HIV? a. | HIV attacks and
cripples the immune system. | b. | HIV invades macrophages and helper T
cells. | c. | HIV kills large numbers of helper T
cells. | d. | All of the above | | |
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