Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A material
that reduces the flow of heat by conduction, convection, and radiation is ____. a. | a
conductor | c. | an
insulator | b. | condensation | d. | a solar collector | | | | |
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2.
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All of the
following are good conductors of heat EXCEPT ____. a. | air | c. | copper | b. | aluminum | d. | silver | | | | |
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3.
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The transfer
of energy that does NOT require matter is ____. a. | combustion | c. | conduction | b. | radiation | d. | convection | | | | |
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4.
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Energy from
the Sun travels to Earth as ____. a. | chemical energy | c. | radiant energy | b. | combustion | d. | mechanical
energy | | | | |
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5.
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The inside
surface of the glass inside a vacuum bottle is coated with aluminum to prevent heat loss by
____. a. | combustion | c. | conduction | b. | radiation | d. | convection | | | | |
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6.
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Solar
collectors are parts of a(n) ____. a. | active solar heating system | c. | radiant heating system | b. | external combustion
engine | d. | passive solar heating
system | | | | |
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7.
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Refrigerators and air conditioners are examples of ____. a. | heat
engines | c. | heat
pumps | b. | heat movers | d. | solar collectors | | | | |
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8.
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The process
by which engine fuels burn is called ____. a. | combustion | c. | conduction | b. | condensation | d. | convection | | | | |
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9.
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Gasoline
engines and diesel engines are ____. a. | insulators | c. | internal combustion engines | b. | external combustion
engines | d. | heat
movers | | | | |
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10.
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A device
that heats your home by removing thermal energy from one location and transferring it to another
location at a different temperature is a(n) ____. a. | conductor | c. | heat engine | b. | internal combustion engine | d. | heat mover | | | | |
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11.
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A device
that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy is a ____. a. | conductor | c. | heat
engine | b. | refrigerator | d. | heat mover | | | | |
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12.
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Through
which of the following will convection most likely occur? a. | liquids and
gases | c. | solids | b. | solids and liquids | d. | solids and gases | | | | |
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13.
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Which of the
following would be the best insulator? a. | air | c. | copper | b. | aluminum | d. | silver | | | | |
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14.
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Which of the
following is the correct sequence of strokes in a four-stroke engine? a. | compression, intake,
exhaust, power | c. | intake, exhaust, power,
compression | b. | intake, compression, power, exhaust | d. | intake, power, compression, exhaust | | | | |
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15.
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Unwanted
radioactive products formed during nuclear reactions are called ____. a. | fossil
fuels | c. | nuclear
reactors | b. | nuclear fuels | d. | nuclear waste | | | | |
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16.
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Petroleum,
natural gas, and coal are the three kinds of ____. a. | fossil
fuels | c. | nuclear
waste | b. | nuclear fuels | d. | synthetic fuels | | | | |
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17.
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The type of
fossil fuel that forms from the remains of fernlike plants is ____. a. | coal | c. | natural
gas | b. | crude
oil | d. | uranium | | | | |
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18.
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____ is a
renewable organic matter that can be burned in the presence of oxygen to convert chemical energy to
thermal energy. a. | Biomass | c. | Petroleum | b. | Hydrocarbon | d. | Hydroelectricity | | | | |
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19.
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Devices that
use semiconductors to produce electricity from solar energy are ____. a. | flash
bulbs | c. | photometers | b. | fuel cells | d. | photovoltaic cells | | | | |
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20.
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Electricity
produced by falling water is called ____. a. | geothermal energy | c. | hydroelectricity | b. | thermodynamics | d. | tidal
energy | | | | |
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21.
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The chain
reaction in a nuclear reactor is controlled by inserting the ____. a. | boron or cadmium
rods | c. | heat
exchanger | b. | core | d. | uranium | | | | |
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22.
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Water that
flows due to the gravitational forces among Earth, its Moon, and the Sun has energy referred to as
____. a. | geothermal
energy | c. | solar
energy | b. | hydroelectricity | d. | tidal energy | | | | |
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23.
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Petroleum is
separated into different compounds through ____. a. | fossilization | c. | nuclear fission | b. | fractional
distillation | d. | nuclear
fusion | | | | |
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24.
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A
disadvantage of using hydroelectricity is ____. a. | equipment corrosion | c. | it can disturb natural ecosystems | b. | it causes air
pollution | d. | it is
nonrenewable | | | | |
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25.
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Electric
current is produced when a spinning ____ shaft rotates magnets inside a generator. a. | combustion | c. | turbine | b. | steam | d. | boiler | | | | |
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26.
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Temperature
is the biggest challenge in using ____ as an energy source. a. | nuclear
fusion | c. | hydroelectricity | b. | nuclear fission | d. | tidal energy | | | | |
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27.
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One reason
alternative energy sources are needed is because ____. a. | the energy needs of the
world are decreasing | b. | there is no limit to the supply of fossil
fuels | c. | the population of the world is decreasing | d. | the supply of fossil
fuel is diminishing | | |
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28.
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Which of the
following is common to both nuclear fusion and nuclear fission? a. | A chain reaction is
needed to start the reaction. | b. | The fuel must be in the plasma state. | c. | Matter is converted
into energy. | d. | Temperatures over 1 million ºC are needed for the reaction to
occur. | | |
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29.
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Which of the
following is an example of a nonrenewable source of energy? a. | coal | c. | water | b. | the Sun | d. | wind | | | | |
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30.
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Which of the
following is a major problem with using nuclear fusion as an energy source? a. | disposing of control
rods | c. | producing radioactive
wastes | b. | maintaining very high temperatures | d. | obtaining fuel | | | | |
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31.
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The fuel
used in a nuclear reactor usually comes from ____. a. | hydrogen and
helium | c. | coal | b. | uranium-238 | d. | biomass | | | | |
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32.
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____ offer
the best hope for safe, long-term containment of radioactive wastes. a. | Ocean
depths | c. | Polar ice
caps | b. | Salt
lakes | d. | Deep, stable rock
deposits | | | | |
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33.
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Three
examples of physical change are ____. a. | boiling of water, bursting of a balloon, and crumpling a piece of
paper | b. | burning of gasoline, rotting of an egg, and exploding
fireworks | c. | freezing of water, evaporation of gasoline, and rusting a
nail | d. | sawing of wood,
crushing a can, and toasting a marshmallow | | |
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34.
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The shape of
an apple is a ____. a. | chemical change | c. | physical change | b. | chemical
property | d. | physical
property | | | | |
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35.
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Fog is an
example of a ____. a. | colloid | c. | solution | b. | compound | d. | substance | | | | |
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36.
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When a log
burns in a fire, ____. a. | a physical change has occurred | c. | mass is lost | b. | mass is
gained | d. | new substances are
formed | | | | |
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37.
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____ is
another name for a homogeneous mixture. a. | Liquid | c. | Substance | b. | Solution | d. | Suspension | | | | |
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38.
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When two or
more substances are combined so each substance can be separated by physical means, the result is
a(n)____. a. | chemical
change | c. | element | b. | compound | d. | mixture | | | | |
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39.
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A ____ is
NOT a mixture. a. | colloid | c. | suspension | b. | compound | d. | solution | | | | |
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40.
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____ is NOT
a homogeneous mixture. a. | Permanent-press fabric | c. | Vinegar | b. | Glue | d. | Gelatin | | | | |
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Matching
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Match
each item with the correct statement below. Some items may be used more than
once. a. | forced
air | d. | active
solar | b. | passive solar | e. | electric heating system | c. | radiator | | | | |
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41.
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large
windows on south side of building
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42.
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large tank
for storing water heated by the Sun and pumps to move the water
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43.
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fan moves
warm air
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44.
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heated coils
in ceilings and floors heat the surrounding air by conduction
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45.
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a closed
metal container containing hot water or steam
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46.
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most common
type of heating system
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Match
each fossil fuel with the descriptions below. a. | petroleum | b. | coal | c. | natural gas | | |
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47.
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produces
fewer pollutants than other fossil fuels
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48.
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made of
hydrocarbons
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49.
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contains
more impurities than other fossil fuels
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Match
each state of matter with the correct fossil fuel below.
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50.
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petroleum
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51.
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coal
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52.
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natural
gas
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Match
each type of resource with the correct energy type below. a. | renewable | b. | nonrenewable | | | | |
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53.
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biomass
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54.
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coal
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55.
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natural
gas
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56.
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solar
energy
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57.
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geothermal
energy
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58.
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water
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59.
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wind
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60.
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petroleum
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Match
each term with the correct definitions below. a. | element | d. | compound | b. | mixture | e. | matter | c. | substance | | | | |
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61.
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composition
variable
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62.
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has mass,
takes up space
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63.
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two or more
elements combined
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64.
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all atoms
the same
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65.
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composition
definite
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